THE WONDERFUL WOLRD OF CRANES

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THE WONDERFUL WOLRD OF CRANES
CHAD FORSEY JAMIE MALONEY
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What is a crane?

• Machinery a device for lifting and moving
  heavy weights in suspension.
• A crane uses a combination of simple machines,
  wire ropes, chains and sheaves to lift and lower
  materials or to move materials in a horizontal
  fashion
• Cranes utilize these components to create a
  mechanical advantage, allowing them to move loads
  beyond human capacity
• Mechanical advantage the ratio of the force
  exerted by a machine to the force applied to it

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Brief History

• Cranes for lifting were invented in Ancient
  Greece around 600 B.C.
• It was later developed by the Romans
  contributing to the massive structures found in
  the Roman Empire
• The most basic cranes used by the Romans
  increased the maximum effort of a worker 31
• Early cranes featured a basic winch and pulley
  system which replaced the ramp system used by the
  egyptians

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Types of Ancient Cranes

• Trispastos

• Medieval treadwheel

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Types of Modern Day Cranes
MOBILE CRANES

• Truck Mounted Crane

All Terrain Crane
Rough Terrain Crane
Rail Road Crane
Floating Crane
Crawler Crane
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Types of Modern Day Cranes
FIXED CRANES
Deck Crane
Telescoping Crane

• Tower Crane

Jib Crane
Level Luffing Crane
Self Erecting Crane
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COMPONENTS OF A CRANE
SISTER ROGERS

• Jib The arm extending from the cab to the boom
  point and to the end at the upper sheave
• Boom a colloquial term for jib, Typically will
  be lattice or telescoping
• Guy Lines Stabilize the boom/jib (increase
  lifting capacity of crane)
• Outriggers Used to add lateral stability to the
  crane while in use
• Counterweight Offers stabilization beyond that
  of the outriggers (In some instances, the crane
  is the counterweight)

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Mobile Cranes

• A mobile crane is any crane that can be moved
  from one location to another
• Some can move while carrying a load
• There are many types of mobile cranes
• Truck Mounted Cranes
• Sidelift Cranes
• Rough Terrain Cranes
• All Terrain Cranes
• Jib Crane
• Most mobile cranes (used for construction) are
  some fashion of a truck mounted crane with a
  lattice or telescoping boom.

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ALL-TERRAIN TRUCK MOUNTED CRANE
Smaller Truck Crane

• Possibly the most common type of mobile crane is
  the truck mounted crane.
• The range of all-terrain mobile cranes features
  lifting capacities in over 19 different sizes for
  combined road and off-road applications.
• Mobile cranes are the ultimate in mobility they
  can travel up to 80 km/h (49.7 mph) and are
  extremely versatile due to their compact
  dimensions.

Liebherr mobile crane LTM 1030-2.1
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LARGER ALL TERRRAIN TRUCK CRANES
THIS THING IS BIG!
Liebherr mobile crane LTM 11200-9.1
There are 9 axles on this crane!!! IT CAN LIFT
2.4 MILLION POUNDS!!!
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THE LARGEST

• Boom the telescoping hydraulic boom (5 times
  stronger than construction girders) can stretch
  300 ft into the air
• Steel cables there are over 4500 ft of steel
  cables tying the system together
• They support the boom and direct the force down
  towards the counterweights on the truck body
• Lattice Jib this short, stiff extension contains
  a pulley that changes the direction of the rope.
  It is set at a slight angle giving the operator
  more maneuverability while keeping loads close to
  the boom tip (necessary to manage the weight)
• Guying system A Y-shaped mast used to provide
  stability for the boom. It also helps distribute
  the load, increasing the overall lifting power
• Counterweights The crane itself weighs 108
  tons!!! and can support up to 445,000 lbs of
  counterweights
• Maneuverability The crane rolls on 18 tubless,
  high pressure tires (each is 4.5 ft wide) It
  operates on a 680 Horespower diesel motor.
• THIS THING CAN DRIVE NORMAL ROADS AT 47MPH!!!

THIS CRANE CAN LIFT 2.6 MILLION POUNDS
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Buying a Mobile Crane

• Do you want to own a Mobile Crane?
• Mobile cranes cost from 480,000 - 9 million
• (depending on location and application)
• Most popular/common crane 1.1 million
• (this is a 90 ton crane)
• Attachment prices can vary from 200,000 -
  400,000
• Life Expectancy is 6 20 years

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Renting a Mobile Crane

• Small Crane
• (70 ton hydro)
• Hourly cost 175.00

• Large Crane
• (140 ton conv)
• Hourly cost 225.00

mobile cranes are rented on an hourly basis
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TOWER CRANES

• A tower crane is a balance crane fixed to the
  ground
• Because of the height and lifting capacity, they
  are most commonly used in high-rise commerical
  building
• A tower crane is usually assembled by a (mobile)
  crane of greater reach

http//www.history.com/video.do?namesciencebcpid
1681694258bclid1672161000bctid1592089108
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Components of a Tower Crane
The counter weight balances the load at the end
of the jib
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Lifting Capacity of a Tower Crane

• A typical tower crane has the following
  specifications
• Maximum unsupported height - 265 feet (80 meters)
  The crane can have a total height much greater
  than 265 feet if it is tied into the building as
  the building rises around the crane.
• Maximum reach - 230 feet (70 meters)
• Maximum lifting power - 19.8 tons (18 metric
  tons), 300 tonne-meters (metric ton tonne)
• Counterweights - 20 tons (16.3 metric tons)

The maximum load that the crane can lift is 18
metric tons (39,690 pounds), but the crane cannot
lift that much weight if the load is positioned
at the end of the jib. The closer the load is
positioned to the mast, the more weight the crane
can lift safely.
watch tower crane video
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Building a Tower Crane
By adding a vertical sectionthe crane grows 20 ft
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Tower Crane Base (rigging)

• First element of stability
• Large concrete pad
• 30' X 30' X 4'
• 40,000 lbs
• Second element of stability
• Crane lattice/mast is attached using large anchor
  bolts

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Renting a Tower Crane

• Most construction companies rent their tower
  cranes from a company like Heede Southeast. Heede
  ships the crane to the site, assembles it and
  charges a monthly fee while the crane is on the
  site.
• The typical fee for installation and disassembly
  runs around 60,000. This price includes shipping
  the crane to the site, renting the mobile crane
  used to assemble the tower crane, the cost of the
  crew that handles the assembly, etc. A typical
  monthly fee for a 150-foot-tall tower crane is
  approximately 15,000, with an additional charge
  to rent the climbing frame and extra mast
  sections.