Climate Change:

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• Climate Change
• How cities towns can adapt

Maryke van Staden Coordinator European Cities for
Climate Protection (CCP) Campaign Climate Air
Team ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability
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Contents

• Context
• The Role of ICLEI
• The CCP Campaign
• The Reinforced Strategy for the European CCP
  Campaign
• Conclusion

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Context What is happening now?

• Temperature increase
• 10 hottest years on record since 1991.
• Temperatures have risen by 0,6 in the past
  century.
• Oceans have warmed down to 3,000 metres.
• Mountain glaciers and snow cover have declined.
• Arctic ice cover is shrinking (in depth and in
  extent).
• Acceleration in sea level rise (10 - 20 cm in
  20th century)
• may be related to increase in global mean
  temperatures
• Lengthening of growing seasons.
• More extremes in weather patterns and changing
  precipitation
• More intense and longer droughts have been
  recorded.
• More intense rainfall.
• 150 million people affected by floods world-wide
  (7 million in 60s).
• Source IPCC 2007

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Principal Environmental Problems
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City Analogues
HadRM3H-model
Source PRUDENCE (Christensen et al, 2002) EU 5FP
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• Growing Urban Population ...
• Urban population has doubled over last 50 years
• World population by 2030 2/3 to live in
  cities
• Consider Impact on cities and towns - citizens,
  infrastructure, bio-diversity, food crops, .
  Cities are part of the challenge and the
  solution!
• Action to be taken ameliorate and mitigate the
  impact of climate change (reduce and counter)
  adaptation (improve resilience and adapt)

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• LOCAL VULNERABILITY
• Land (physical conditions)
• Infrastructure
• Citizens
• Economy
• Consider how to avoid risk!
• What is the role of ICLEI in this context?

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ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability

• International local government association
• Founded in 1990 at the UN in New York
• UNEP and the United Cities and Local Governments
  (UCLG) sponsored ICLEI at the beginning
• 744 ICLEI member cities, representing more than
  300 million citizens around the globe
• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
  (UNFCCC)
• Official Observer status with the UNFCCC
• Lead organisation representing local governments
  at the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP)

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ICLEI Activities
Campaigns, Projects, Research,

movement
Other institutions,organisations
exchange
Member Cities
Member Cities
ICLEI

Training, Tools, Publications
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Campaigns Programmes in EUROPE
Water Campaign
Local Agenda 21
CCP Campaign
Procura Campaign
Environment Management Program
International Training Centre
5th European Conference on Sustainable Cities
Towns Seville, Spain - 2007
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Cities for Climate ProtectionTM (CCP) Campaign
World-wide movement of local governments that
adopt policies and implement measures addressing
mitigation, in support of climate protection, to
achieve - reductions in local greenhouse gas
emissions (GHGs), - improved air quality, and -
enhanced urban liveability.

• CCP International Status in 2005
• International 800 local authorities from 29
  countries
• Europe 162 participants from 17 countries
• Addressing mitigation

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CCP Campaign - Adaptation included

• Increasing need recognised - how can
  cities/councils adapt to climate change and
  improve their resilience.
• World Congress Cape Town (Dec. 2005) ICLEI
  amends CCP charter to include adaptation.

• ACTION started in 2006
• Launched Reinforced Strategy for the European CCP
  Campaign.
• Adaptation a pre-requisite for all new
  participants.
• Consider involvement in projects research,
  demonstration, resilience assessments,
  dissemination and sharing,
• Other actions needed? Networking and
  partnerships! Consensus for action.

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CCP Campaign - New Objectives

• Improve awareness on climate change and the
  benefits of action in the areas of mitigation and
  adaptation.
• Encourage commitment and accelerated action in
  both areas.
• Provide a framework to enable the integration of
  climate protection and resilience policies with
  actions at a local level.
• Develop capacity to act (tools, training,
  exchange, projects).
• Promote international cooperation among
  participants with different levels of local
  resources and local emissions, now also on
  adaptation.

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5-Milestone Methodology - Updated

• 1. Emissions inventory and forecast, plus a
  resilience assessment to determine vulnerable
  areas.
• 2. Set targets for emissions reduction and
  identify adaptation strategies in the following
  areas
• - sustainable energy / buildings
• - urban design and land use planning
• - sustainable mobility
• - waste management
• 3. Develop and approve a Local Action Plan
• (mitigation and adaptation strategies and
  actions)
• 4. Implement the Local Action Plan.
• 5. Monitor and report progress.

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Complex Issue Partnerships Needed
Slide courtesy Dr. Lasse Peltonen, Helsinki
University of Technology, Centre for Urban and
Regional Studies - Stockholm 2006 Relevant
Projects FINADAPT, SEAREG, ASTRA
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Some Aspects to Consider

• Community planning and construction
• Secure decentralised (local) energy supply
• Long-term urban planning (e.g. heat islands vs
  greening)
• Quality and standards for construction
• Drinking water / water drainage
• Sewage systems
• Transport systems
• Complex issues that will have an impact at
  community level
• Responsibilities? Who has to act? How to act?
  When to act?

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Key Lessons from the CCP

• A multi-stakeholder process is critical.
• Success built on cooperation and networking.
• Some communities innovate, others observe and
  learn.
• Local governments need a voice, and a platform to
  express it.
• Like mitigation, adaptation response will be
  shared from national to local government.
• Local government must contribute to the process
  and has to deal with the impacts.
• Many different actors should be involved in
  process.

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• OPPORTUNITY FOR CITIES
• Open invitation to cities and towns in Europe
  (ambitious or new to the area).
• CCP internationally - each region has own
  process. Link to network, share experiences.
• NEW SUPPORT PLANNED
• 1. Resource Information Base on mitigation and
  adaptation measures for municipal and community
  areas to be developed.
• 2. Consider tools for local governments to
  address adaptation.
• 3. Thematical working groups in CCP Europe -
  adaptation discussions. Health can be a sub-group
  in this.
• However, funding is needed for effective action!

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Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) Campaign in
Europe European Coordinator Maryke van Staden
ccp_at_iclei-europe.org www.iclei-europe.org/ccp

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