School segregation and school choice selected considerations'

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School segregation and school choice selected
considerations.
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Very brief overview
Student and family background School
quality School segregation
Academic achievement Immigrant integration into
the main culture. Social cohesion between
natives and immigrants (Burgess Wilson,
2005).
School choice policies
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Point 1 Limiting school choice is no easy cure
against segregation

• Third dimension residential choice
• Limiting school choice makes people move.
• Limiting/abolishing school choice with many
  immigrant concentration schools court-ordered
  segregation in US. -gtWhites/natives suddenly
  faced with high immigrants in their schools.
• Baum-SnowLutz (2008) find that (affluent) Whites
  moved to white suburbs.

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Point 1 Limiting school choice is no easy cure
against segregation

• What happens when you limit school choice?
• Residential segregation increases
• School segregation
• decreases because of limited school choice
• increases because people sort by residential
  relocation
• Net effect ???
• -gt Important to consider the consequences of
  residential sorting, too.

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Point 2 (White/native) flight hurts twice

• Natives start (add.) opting out when immigrant
  shares exceed 35-40.
• Well-educated families flee at higher rates than
  low-educated -gt weakens also SES-composition in
  the remaining group of natives group in schools.
• Also well-integrated immigrant students opt out.
• gt It is not just average students who flee,
  but the strong students (also among immigrants)
  are the first to flee.

Results from Rangvid (2007).
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Point 3 Who do you move with your dispersion
program?

• Many dispersion models - basic difference
• (1) Voluntary dispersion
• - eg. reserve slots for immigrants
  out-of-district students at low concentration
  schools, which immigrants can apply for.
• (2) Non-voluntary dispersion
• eg. language screening if fail the test, enrol
  in school with few immigrants.

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Point 3 Who do you move with your dispersion
program?
Voluntary dispersion model
Non-voluntary dispersion model
High ability Low ability
Strong students/ families decide to move
Weak students are moved
Voluntary models Risk of
cream-skimming Non-voluntary models Opportunity
to target the subpopulation you want to move