Title: DerryLondonderry Today and tomorrow Baseline outlook and challenges
1DerryLondonderry Today and tomorrowBaseline
outlook and challenges
2Overview
2
- The context end of an era
- DerryLondonderry today and tomorrow
- The challenge ahead less with more (time to
act) - Complexity of economic success growth, wealth,
equality and sustainability - The Citi-scope model
- How can the Citi-scope model help address
DerryLondonderry challenges? - Beyond headline economics measuring equality
- Summary
- Annex A A scenario walkthrough
- Annex B User interface
- Annex C Additional information
33
The context end of an era
4First global recession in a generation
5All major economies feeling the strain
5
Acute where combination of house price crash and
trade exposure But Trade most acute
Source Oxford Economics
6What caused the recession?
6
- In summary
- Debt
- Confidence
- Complacency
- Essentially the rapid escalation of financial
sector debt (and personal sector debt in some
countries) unwound when uncertainty arose over
asset values - Led to a spectacular collapse in confidence,
liquidity and valuations (plus the Lehmans
collapse) left the financial world close to
collapse - World bail out (largely) to avoid deep
recession and stabilise spending - Global demand feel as a result of the turmoil,
adding export problems - Now a legacy of scarred consumers, nervous
business, indebted governments (in West) and
rising protectionist sentiment makes outlook
fragile
7The wide reach
7
Finance
construction
World impacts
Housing sectors
Wider impacts
Spending sectors
Export sectors
Public sectors
8As much as a decade for recovery
8
Total employment forecasts
- Year when employment returns to 2007 / 2008 peak
- ROI 2022
- NI 2016
- UK 2015
Source CSO, ONS, DETI and Oxford Economics
- Northern Ireland forecast to lose 37,360 net jobs
over recession
9Unemployment - here to stay?
9
Claimant unemployment forecasts
Source Nomis, Oxford Economics
Unemployment to remain higher than recent
historic lows
10House price collapse no surprise
10
House prices forecast
Source Oxford Economics
11DerryLondonderry today and tomorrow
11
12Economic activity and structure
12
DerryLondonderry
Sectoral chart
Source Census, 2001
Source DETI, Oxford Economics
13Population rising strongly
13
Source Oxford Economics, NISRA
14Migration not adding to population in
DerryLondonderry
14
Migration expected to be negative over the
forecast period
Source Oxford Economics and NISRA
15Employment structure professional services a gap
15
Relative to Belfast (2008)
Less dependent
More dependent
Source DETI and Oxford Economics
16A low level of full-time gross weekly wage
16
Source ASHE
17Looking back retail and business key
17
Business services and Distribution (retail) have
experienced the strongest growth in employee jobs
Source Oxford Economics Note red cells
highlight where DerryLondonderry underperformed
relative to NI. Green cells highlight where Derry
out performed NI.
18Job growth only in a select few Wards
18
19DerryLondonderry job legacy severe
19
Source Oxford Economics
Employment not expected to return to 2008 peak
until 2017
20Employment forecasts
20
DerryLondonderry is expected to experience
faster decline in employment than NI up to 2011.
However we expect future growth to out perform
the regional average.
Only two sectors expected to experience growth
over the next few years
Source Oxford Economics Note Green cells
highlight where we expect DerryLondonderry to
outperform NI with positive growth.
21Unemployment highest in Derry Londonderry
21
Source Claimant count, Nomis
22Resident employment rates to remain low
22
Source Oxford Economics
23Unemployment rates to remain above recent lows
23
Source Oxford Economics
24Relative productivity to remain static
24
- Productivity is expected to remain below the NI
average over the forecast period
Source Oxford Economics
2525
The challenge ahead less with more
26Public finances in a sorry state
26
ROI and UK public finances outlook (April 2009)
- Note no NI budget a telling difference
- UK deficit now likely to be perhaps 14 GDP
27NI Departmental finances pressures will come
27
Source calculated from the NI Budget 2008-11
(excludes AME and capital investment) Note Other
Departments include Assembly Ombudsman /
Commissioner for Complaints, Food Standards
Agency, NI Audit Office and NI Authority for
Utility Regulation
To put these figures in context,
DerryLondonderrys GVA is estimated at 1.476bn
in 2008
28Global job loss protectionism likely
28
Source Oxford Economics
29Benefits high and rising in NI
29
- Source DSD
- Population aged 65, 2006 Mid Year Estimates,
Northern Ireland Statistics - 2007 Mid Year Estimates, Northern Ireland
Statistics and Research Agency - Population aged 16, 2007 Mid Year Estimates,
Northern Ireland Statistics - NISRA Mid 2007 Population Estimates
- Mid 2007 Population Estimates. Population aged 16
and over - 0-59 Population per 2007 Mid-Year Estimate for
Northern Ireland - Working Age Population per 2007 Mid-Year
Estimates for Northern Ireland. Namely 16-59 for
Females, and ages 16-64 for Males. - Note recipients of benefits could receive a
number of the above benefits. Therefore summing
the number of recipients will double count some
people
30Pressure on services acute
30
- Population is forecast to grow year on year over
the forecast period - unemployment is expected to remain higher than
previous lows
Source Oxford Economics
31How will the world be different?
31
- Debt levels will not return to recent highs
- Borrowing will not be as easy to acquire
- Construction and retailing cannot lead growth
- Public services boom era is over for some time
- Cuts and tax rises inevitable
- NI will have to find its own money to tackle
challenges and exploit opportunities - However
- There is still global money looking investment
opportunities - Economic recovery will see job growth return
- The offer from Ireland (north and south) will
improve in some ways (lower costs, labour
availability) - Tourism, Environmental technologies, professional
services, advanced engineering, pharmaceuticals,
healthcare, elderly services all offer
opportunities
32And what does that mean for Derry?
- The economic environment has changed for the
foreseeable future - Challenges have increased and will continue to do
so as they have for many places - Previously reliable sources of jobs could come
under greater pressure e.g. public services and
voluntary sector - Funding streams will be under greater pressures
a clear evidence base is required - The prospect of cuts is both real and potentially
extremely damaging - ISNI 3, CSR, budget debates all coming soon
time to position is now
33What is the scale of the challenge?
33
- In OEs view DerryLondonderrys challenges look
to be something in the order of - With employment estimated at 47,830 in
DerryLondonderry in 2009, DerryLondonderry is
only 23 the size of Belfast (in employment
terms). It would take an additional 13,300 jobs
to bring DerryLondonderry up to 30 the size of
Belfast - Thinking with DerryLondonderrys current labour
market in mind - 9,500 jobs for existing residents would raise
employment rate to 72.5, moving
DerryLondonderry to mid table on the UK cities
ladder - Reducing the claimant unemployment by 1,300 would
place DerryLondonderry mid table in the city
rankings (currently 79th of 86) - Income support levels would need to fall by over
4,000 to more Derry Londonderry to NI average
34What is the scale of the challenge?
34
- Thinking with DerryLondonderrys current labour
market in mind - Halving the proportion of the working age
population with no formal qualifications (10,000
people) would move DerryLondonderry from 85th in
the city rankings to 41st in the City rankings - DerryLondonderry would need to raise the
proportion of the working age population
qualified to NVQ level 4 from 21.1 to 28.7
(5,350 people) to match Belfast - Only Ballynashallog has over 28.7 of its working
age population qualified to NVQ Level 4 (34) - No ward less than 50 employment rate there are
currently 13 wards with employment rates less
than 50 (Strand, Creggan South, Brandywell, and
Creggan Central have employment rates ranging
from 37 to 32)
3535
Complexity of economic success growth, wealth,
equality and sustainability
36Measuring economic success
36
- GVA / GDP common but is this really appropriate
/ sufficient? Especially at local level - Economic activity very useful - employment rates
key? - Wages / incomes / wealth?
- Benefits levels?
- Social factors - crime, etc?
- Physical factors place image?
- Community factors ownership, spirit, local
bodies? - Cultural factors?
- Quality of life measures?
- Many factors hard to measures or gather evidence
on, a selection of contextual data follows
focusing on measurable economic factors - Note the project will provide current Ward
labour market profiles and forecasts
37Upper skills relatively weak (2007)
37
Source NOMIS Note NVQ 4 equivalent to Degree /
HND / HNC Excludes commuters (important in many
locations)
38Level of no formal qualifications a major concern
(2007)
38
Source NOMIS
393 out 5 with no formal skills in some areas (2001)
39
Source NI Census Office
40Still an inflow of no qualifications
40
of pupils achieving no GCSEs (2007)
Source NINIS Note Based on place of pupil
residence
41Relatively low levels of school pupils achieving
5 GCSEs grade C and above
41
of pupils achieving at least 5 or more GCSEs at
grade C and above (2007)
Source NINIS Note Based on place of pupil
residence
42FE a popular destination
42
Destination of schools leavers (2007)
Source NINIS Note Based on place of pupil
residence
43Returns to education in NI skills matter
43
44Skills and likelihood of employment Derry
Londonderry below average
44
Actual versus expected resident employed (2001)
Source Census and RF/Oxford Economics
Across all skill levels, DerryLondonderry has a
lower likelihood of employment, which is
particularly high or those with no formal skills
45Key performance metrics
45
- DerryLondonderry has
- A larger percent of people inactive compared to
Belfast (37 versus 35) - A high dependence on the public sector for jobs
- With the exception of Belfast, the largest
proportion of households renting from the NIHE
and Housing Association - The 2nd lowest level of household access to cars
or vans - Only 16 of its working age population qualified
to level 4/5, according to the 2001 Census
(Creggan South had the lowest with only 5) - Compared to other UK cities, the highest sickness
benefits per capita at 244 - Very few residents commute outside of Derry to
work (only 6 in The Diamond, Beechwood, and
Shantallow West)
46Deprivation - confirming the scale of the problem
46
DerryLondonderry is ranked consistently within
the 3 most deprived Local Government Districts
Source NINIS Note The table has been sorted by
average rank (1 most deprived, 26 least
deprived)
47High proportion of lone parent households with
dependent children
47
Lone parent households with dependent children
(2001)
Source NINIS and Census (2001) Note A dependent
child is a person in a household aged 0-15
(whether or not in a family) or a person aged
16-18 who is a full time student in a family with
parent(s).
48Rates bill is low, but not the lowest
48
Average rates bill (2008)
Source NINIS
49Employment rate is worryingly low / even for a
city
49
Employment rate (2008)
Source Oxford Economics
50Employment rates extreme variation
50
Note The final model will estimate current
employment rates
51Claimant unemployment amongst the highest in UK
urban areas (July 2009)
51
Source NOMIS and NISRA
52Youth Unemployment also amongst the highest (July
2009)
52
Source NOMIS and NISRA Note Youth defined as
aged 18 to 24
53Long term unemployment again amongst the highest
(July 2009)
53
Source NOMIS and NISRA Note Claiming for over
12 months
54Wages low - as expected (2008)
54
Source NOMIS and ASHE
55DLA over 1 in 5 in certain Wards
55
56Very little in commuting
56
57Very specific city centre movements
57
Residence matters for City Centre working
58Job locations and performance
58
Over half the jobs are in 4 wards
13 wards have less than 1 of jobs
59Employment rates and qualifications a clear link
59
60Non-employed (excluding students and retired)
clear sign of the equality issues
60
61Non-employed no qualifications again a clear
link
61
62Car ownership again reflects the wide variation
62
Inequality signs
6363
The Citi-scope model
64The rationale
- To assist the development of the plan by
measuring the current economic conditions and
quantifying proposed initiatives at a Ward level
within Derry Londonderry - to go beyond Council level analysis and take
modelling closer to the within Council issues
which define the city, its challenges and its
strengths - By designing a unique and powerful tool using
best practice techniques to validate and depict
the impacts of the initiatives and idea
originating from the workgroups - To leave a lasting evidence base for use in
future work and analysis in the area - To ask questions and help provide answers to
test theories and anecdotes and ultimately to
contribute to the overall vision of the plan - to help avoid mistakes of other regeneration
plans which lacked proper sequencing,
co-ordination, equality consideration - To assist making the clear evidenced arguments
necessary to secure and identify funding
opportunities
65What is the Citi-scope model?
65
- A comprehensive economic model for the North West
(DerryLondonderry, Limavady, Strabane, Donegal) - A user friendly model delivered to Ilex for
ongoing use and internal scenario testing - The model encompasses demography, labour market,
output, skills, land use, environment, traffic
flows and fiscal balance under one roof (plus
appraisal output tables) other modules could be
added later - Entirely developed for this project in Excel
66The case for developing a model
66
- Coverage existing models insufficient
- Consistent - evidence base, thus grounding the
plans - Save money - by reducing data collection
reputation and tweaked re-runs - Stimulate debate
- Holistic both with regards to people and to
distinct projects - Detail Ward level accounting for all citizens
and workers - Funding support aiding the evidence based cases
required - New data and evidence - Fiscal balance figures,
ward projections and environmental accounts for
the first time - Improve the plan by preventing wish list
regeneration plans and avoid the inconsistencies
so common in the myriad of projects / initiatives
that are often treated in isolation - Benchmarking framework
67Challenges in modelling
67
- Not everything can easily be monitored (e.g.
governance) - Models only as good as data and assumptions (need
to be transparent) - Research on certain issues unclear (e.g. returns
to education) - Not everything in life is about numbers and
economics! (e.g. diversity, quality of life) - Quality of data at DC level in NI is very poor
indeed (and worse at ward level) - Acceptance of results is key for the work to have
merit - Results needed to be viewed as elements in the
basket of factors helping to make decisions not
the single factor - Keeping the model up to date is vital and can
undermine its usefulness if not carried out - Can be complex to run, understand and interpret
(but hopefully not if well documented and
designed!)
6868
How can the Citi-scope model help address
DerryLondonderrys challenges?
69Identifying the problem
69
- The baseline outlook is less than desirable and
the fiscal balance will face a level of scrutiny
not experienced before - So what is desirable?
- An increase in employment rates and less
benefits? - A more diverse sustainable economy more
exporting firms? - More productive companies requiring higher
skills and therefore demanding more support
labour? - A better skilled workforce with more talent
retained? - A more mobile labour force within and outside
the City (willingness to travel for work)? - An improved tourism offering?
- Less segregation of employment and communities?
70Measure the pot of actions
70
- The Citi-scope model will allow us to test the
various options coming from the comprehensive
consultation exercise, identifying their impact
on the labour market, output, public finances,
etc - It will identify potential problems (e.g. lack of
skilled labour) and - Allow us to sequence options so that they
compliment each other and maximise the benefits
of the regeneration plan - By looking at the impacts in this holistic way
the spatial, equality, infrastructure and
environmental aspects of proposed initiatives can
be considered collectively
71The core model structure
71
PE estimates
Demography
Housing
Fiscal balance
Labour market (residential) Economic activity
Traffic flows (commuting)
Environment Co2
Ward (Derry only) Economic activity
Labour market (workplace) By sector
Land
Skills
GVA
Quality of life
City comparisons
72Site scenario
72
Construction phase
Direct jobs
Full model
Less additionally (substitution / displacement
Additionaility assumptions
Input / Output matrix
total impact
Indirect jobs
Labour search (wages, skills, distance)
Commuting impact
Migration impact
Local impact
Ward impact
Induced impacts
Traffic flows
Housing services
total impact
Carbon emissions
73What it will contain
73
- Population (total, working age, elderly, young)
(inc by ward) - Migration (interregional and internationals)
- Housing stock (inc by ward)
- Unemployment (claimant and ILO) (inc by ward)
- Inactivity (by category) (inc by ward)
- Resident employment
- Skills of resident population (by economic
activity) - Commuting flows by mode of transport
- Workplace employment (14 sectors, self employed
and employed) - GVA (workplace by sector)
- Wages, resident and workplace
- Environmental accounts (primarily C02)
- Land use estimates
- Fiscal balance (and range of fiscal categories)
74Feeding the model
74
- Transparent model no black box best practice
and suggestions welcome to improve refine and
update - Dependent on the outcome of the qualitative
workstreams no pre-population by OE (other than
the baseline) - Baseline detailed report end October
- Initiative translated into jobs, people,
productivity type assumptions - Not possible to model everything
- A system of flags will alert the user to issues
a particular input raises (shortage of labour,
dependence on migrants, infrastructure concerns,
environmental concerns etc.) - It is to be queried questioned and debated
- No initiatives have been selected (or will be
selected by Oxford) testing the suggestion
generated by the extensive consultation exercise
75What will it produce?
75
- A set of baseline projections for labour markets
at DC level and Ward level within
DerryLondonderry - Environmental, skills, land and transport
accounts - A software tool for Ilex
- A database of empirical data
- A methods report retailing the modelling approach
- A set of ward profiles
- Urban benchmark data for UK
- A quantified (where possible) measurement of the
final plan
7676
- Beyond headline economics - Measuring equality
77How can Citi-scope measure equality
77
- Equality is a complex issue and in many ways hard
to measure and forecast - Citi-scope will focus on economic outcomes as
primary measurement of equality - At Ward level (not ideal but only level
applicable) - Technical measurements include Gini coefficients
(or Lorenzo curve type approaches) but the income
data is not available with any reliability for
Derry Londonderry - Measures used will be
- Economic activity / Employment levels
- Unemployment / benefit levels
- Skills profiles
- Spread, differentials gaps across the city and
relative to NI
78How can Citi-scope measure equality
78
- Some measurement and benchmarking of quality of
life measures but hard to reliable forecast
factors such as cultural diversity. Community
engagement etc. - Measurement of a range of section 75 groups not
applicable for this type of model (e.g. religion,
disability etc) captured elsewhere in the
process - Augmented by other equality measurement through
qualitative work and surveys
79Equality module (labour market element)
79
- Based around ward labour market forecasting model
(enhanced version of Belfast ward model report
available upon request) - Requires spatial information on housing
allocations (Area Plan up to date?), location of
workplace jobs, commuting patterns (what impact
footbridge?) - Essentially jobs search for labour using skills
and traveling pattern matrix to fill vacancies
thus each new jobs is allocated to an individual
(care over house moves needed) - Output will be a full set of historical and
forecast labour market accounts (by individual
economic activity status categories and skill
levels) for each ward for the baseline and
scenarios (presented via individual ward
PowerPoint slides)
80Measuring and forecasting equality key economic
measures
80
Source Oxford Economics
8181
Summary
82Summary
82
- The recession has focused the minds on the scale
of economic challenge - The economy in Derry Londonderry, though making
progress, continues to have extreme challenges - Worklessness
- Equality
- Public sector dependence
- Wealth levels
- City Centre vibrancy
- Public funding is coming under extreme pressures
and important decisions will be made in coming
years that will define a generation - Forecasts suggest many of the challenges will
remain and intensify left to the market - The challenge is significant and the range of
initiatives will need to be creative, connected
and courageous respond to this is what is
happening now in the Plan process
83Lets not forget the strengths!
- A young population
- A university within the city (plus schools and
care services) - Strong community engagement
- An attractive riverside location
- Desirable hinterland and rural living options
- Cultural and artistic offer and heritage
- An acceptance of the challenge ahead
- In global terms available resource
84Contact DetailsNeil Gibson 02892 660669 /
07803 728994ngibson_at_oxfordeconomics.comThe
Oxford teamNeil GibsonPhilip McDonagh
(advisor)Kerry HoustonNeil McCulloughGraeme
HarrisonAshleigh CraigSaite Lu
8585
Annex A A scenario walkthrough
86Scenario walk through
86
- Two simple job creation scenarios (akin to site
development) easily extended for multi-sector,
inputting direct say Ebrington assumptions - Scenario 1 High skill / high value added job
creation 10,000 jobs in high skilled business
services - Scenario 2 Low skill / low value added job
creation 10,000 jobs in retail (model will
prompt warning flags asking where spend will come
from high local displacement for non-export
sector) - Aim is to illustrate input-output in practice
(show alternative supply-chain linkage impacts)
and differing success of local job search (easier
to find labour locally if skill requirements
lower)
87Scenario 1 10k business service jobs
87
Indirect / supply chain impact
88Scenario 2 10k retail jobs
88
Indirect / supply chain impact
89Labour market search phase 1
89
10,000 business service jobs
Other commuter flows and induced effects to be
added Supply across categories research ongoing
Note Phase 2 is the same pattern for induced jobs
90Labour market search phase 1
90
10,000 retail jobs
Higher than business
Note Phase 2 is the same pattern for induced jobs
91Capacity for firm closure / job loss impact
91
Indirect / supply chain impact
92A tough challenge in tougher times
92
- Economy is facing biggest economic crisis in 30
years (arguably more) - The PE squeeze and no return to debt levels will
raise the bar in terms of challenge - DerryLondonderry has significant economic
challenges and lies low in UK when league tables - Making a real change involves further growth but
also an equitable spread of growth - Skills, benefits data, commuting information and
job data clearly depicts the scale, location and
severity of task - Modeling has helped measure the problem it can
help quantify the proposed solutions - Tool will raise questions, debate, formalise
anecdotes, and ultimately measure the vision
culminating from the current round of
consultations and evidence gathering
9393
Annex B User interface
94Citi-scopes main menu
94
95Running a site scenario
95
96Producing data reports
96
9797
Annex C Additional information
98Risks abound
98
- Positive factors
- NAMA still an uncertainty
- Competitive position has improved costs were
getting too high - Ireland still a trusted location (esp. RoI)
- Swift and decisive government action still
focussed on business - Capacity in the economy (for first time in a
while) - Investment and spending has not been wasted a
better sell - Reputation matters as does precedent
- Negative factors
- NAMA still an uncertainty
- The global economy is fragile
- Tools at govt disposal limited
- Cost corrections have many casualties
- Spreading growth and north south linkages may be
pushed down priorities - Oil price a risk
- Bank failure a risk
- Can tax incentives / subvention survive?
- Little sign of marked improvement in government
financial position
99House prices (NI and UK)
99
Mix adjusted average house prices (Jan02 - Jun09)
Source DCLG
Annual average house price growth (Jan02 Jun09)
Source DCLG
100Economic activity (percent of working age)
DerryLondonderry
Belfast
Source Census, 2001
DerryLondonderry has a marginally larger percent
of people inactive (37 versus 35)
101Employment structure relative to NI (2008)
101
Less dependent
More dependent
Source DETI and Oxford Economics
102Teenage birth rate well above the NI average
(2006)
102
Source NINIS
103High household size especially compared to
Belfast (2001)
103
Source NINIS, Census (2001)
104High rented proportion
104
DerryLondonderry and Belfast have the largest
proportion of households renting.
Household ownership (2001)
Source NINIS and Census (2001)
105Access to car or van (2001)
105
Source NINIS, Census (2001)
106Ward skills (2001)
106
107Benefit levels (per head)
107
Source NOMIS and DSD
DerryLondonderry received the highest sickness
benefits per capita
108Benefit levels correlated with sick levels (2001
Census)
108
It is unlikely that this trend has changed since
the Census in 2001
109Ward city centre working
109
110Ward working close to home
110
111Few commuters to City Centre
111
112Ward out commuting
112
113Commuting contrasts
113
114Posh car ownership
114
115DerryLondonderry ward commuting patterns
115
116Commuting variation clear
116
Note Ebrington Barracks
117Benefits high and rising
117