BIO 245

1
BIO 245

• Muscle Slides

2
Muscle Function Names
Location Costal (ribs), temporalis (temporal
bone) Shape Deltoid (triangle) Trapezius
(trapeziod) Relative Size Maximus vs. minimus
longus vs. brevus Direction of fibers direction
of fiber in relation to midline or long axis of
bone. rectus - straight transversus - right
angles oblique - run diagonally
3
Muscle Function Names
Number of origins biceps, triceps and
quadriceps Location of attachments Points of
origin and insertion e.g. sternocleidomastoid S
ternum, clavicle origin and mastoid
insertion Action flexor, extensor, adductor
4
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Circular Fascicles arranged in concentric
rings. Sphincters
5
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Convergent Broad origin to a narrow
insertion. Fan shaped e.g. pectoralis major
6
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Parallel Strap-like Fascicles run parallel
to each other. e.g. sartorius
7
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Fusiform Strap-like as in parallel, but with
bulging mid-section Fascicles run parallel to
each other. e.g. biceps brachii
8
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Unipennate Central tendon to which short
fascicles attach obliquely. e.g. Extensor
digitorum longus
9
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Bipennate fascicles attach obliquely from
opposite sides of a tendon. e.g. Rectus
femoris
10
Muscle Function Fascicle Arrangement
Multipennate fascicles attach obliquely
from all side of a large tendon. e.g. deltoid
11
Muscles in Action

• Facial expressions
• Mastication
• Head and vertebral column movement
• Movement of Pectoral Girdle
• Movement of the Arm
• Movement of the Forearm
• Movement of the Hand
• Abdominal wall
• Pelvic Outlet
• Movement of the Thigh
• Movement of the Leg
• Movement of the Foot

12
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
13
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Epicranius Two parts (frontalis,
occipitalis) Epicranial aponeurosis Raises
eyebrows, wrinkles forehead Surprise!
14
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Ring of muscle (sphincter) around the
eye. Contraction closes, or blinks, the
eye. Compresses the tear gland and pushes tears
across the eye surface. Crows feet
15
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Sphincter muscle around the mouth Extends upward
to nose, down to lower-lip/chin. kissing
muscle
16
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Fibers run from jaw to mouth Helps hold food in
contact with teeth while chewing trumpeter
muscle - aids blowing air out mouth bucco-,
bucc- (L. cheek)
17
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Fibers run from zygomatic arch to corner of
mouth. Smiling, laughing
18
Facial Expression
Epicranius
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Zygomaticus
Platysma
Pouting Sheet of muscle over neck. Helps
lower the mandible platy- (gr. broad)
19
Mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Zygomatic arch to the mandible Raises jaw, but
also control rate of jaw fall. Maseter (gr.
chewer)
20
Mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Fanshaped muscle from side of skull, underneath
zygomatic arch and on to mandible. Raises
Jaw Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
21
Mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Extends downward from sphenoid, palatine and
maxillary bones to the ramus of the
mandible Closes the jaw and moves it
side-to-side Pterygoid (gr. wing-shaped)
22
Mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
Extend from the manibular condyle to sphenoid
bone Can open mouth, protude jaw and move it
side-to-side. Pterygoid (gr. wing-shaped)
23
Head Neck Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
Longissimus capitalis
24
Head Neck Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
Longissimus capitalis
Long muscle connecting thorax to base of skull
behind ear. Moves head to opposite side of
contraction. Both sides contracting pulls head
toward chest. Accessory respiratory muscle
25
Head Neck Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
Longissimus capitalis
Broad, strap-like muscle Connects base of skull
to vertebrae of neck and upper thorax One side
contraction rotates head. Two side contraction
holds head upright. splenion (gr. bandage)
26
Head Neck Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
Longissimus capitalis
Broad muscle extending from the vertebrae of neck
and thorax to the occipital bone Head movement
extends, rotates or moves to one side.
27
Head Neck Movement
Sternocleidomastoid
Splenius Capitis
Semispinalis Capitis
Longissimus capitalis
Originates on upper thoracic and lower cervical
vertebrae. Inserts to mastoid process of
temporal bone Extends and rotates head
28
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
29
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Large triangular muscle in upper back. Extends
horizontally occipital bone and thoracic and
cervical vertebrae. Inserts to shoulder
(clavicle, acromion process of scapula). 3
groups of fibers -upper, middle and lower Upper
raise scapula and shoulder (shrug) Middle draws
scapula toward spine Lower draws scapula down.
30
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Origin Spinal processes of upper thoracic
vertebrae. Insertion medial border of
scapula Raises and adducts the scapula.
31
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Strap-like muscle running vertically up the
neck. Origin on transverse process of cervical
vertebrae Insertion on the medial margin of the
scapula Elevates the scapula
32
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Originate on the outer surfaces of upper ribs and
insert on ventral surface if scapula. Pulls
scapula anterior and downward
33
Pectoral Girdle Movement
Trapezius
Rhomboideus major
Levator Scapulae
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor
Origin on the sternal ends of the upper ribs and
insertion at the coracoid process of the
scapula Pulls scapula forward and down (anterior
tipping), or raises the ribs. pectoralis (L.
pertaining to chest)
34
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major
Supraspinatus Deltoid
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor
Teres major Latissimus dorsi
35
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major
Originates at the coracoid process of the
scapula, and inserts to the medial surface of
humerus. Movement Flexion and adduction of the
arm.
36
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Coracobrachialis Pectoralis major
Fan-shaped muscle. Origin from clavicle,
sternum, costal cartilage of upper
ribs. Insertion at intertubular groove of the
humerus. Flexion - pulls arm forward and across
the chest - also adduction and medial rotation
of upper arm.
37
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Teres major Latissimus dorsi
Connects the scapula to the humerus Extends the
humerus, adducts the arm and can rotate the arm,
medially.
38
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Teres major Latissimus dorsi
Large triangular muscle that curves up from lower
back, around side and inserts to humerus
(intertubercular groove) Extend and adduct the
arm Rotate humerus medially Rowing - pulls arm
back
39
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Supraspinatus Deltoid
In depression above the spine of the scapula,
posterior surface. Connects scapula to the
greater tubercle of humerus Adducts the arm.
40
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Supraspinatus Deltoid
Thick triangular muscle that covers the
shoulder Connects clavicle and scapula to the
lateral side of the humerus. Abducts the
arm Posterior fibers can extend the
humerus Anterior fibers can flex the humerus
41
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor
Triangular muscle covering the anterior surface
of the scapula. Connects to the humerus (lesser
tubercle) Rotates the arm medially.
42
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor
Origin on posterior surface of scapula, insert to
greater tubercle of humerus Rotates arm
laterally
43
Upper Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Abductors
Rotators
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Teres minor
Origin on the lateral border of scapula, inserts
to greater tubercle of humerus. Rotates the arm
laterally
44
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
Triceps brachii
45
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
Forms rounded mass on top of arm Origin at
coracoid process AND tubercle above the glenoid
cavity Inserts radial tuberosity of
radius Flexes forearm at elbow and rotates the
hand laterally
46
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
Large muscle beneath the biceps Origin on
anterior shaft of humerus Inserts on coronoid
process of ulna Flexes forearm at elbow
47
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis
Origin on distal lateral end of humerus Inserts
lateral surface of radius above styloid
process Flexes forearm at elbow
48
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Triceps brachii
Origin on tubercle below glenoid cavity AND
lateral AND medial surfaces of humerus Inserts
on lateral surface of radius above the styloid
process Extends arm at elbow Only muscle on
back of arm
49
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Supination - rotating wrist laterally ulna and
radius parallel Pronation - rotating wrist
medially ulna and radius crossed
50
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
Short muscle Origin on lateral epicondyle of
humerus AND crest of ulna Inserts lateral
surface of radius Assists biceps in rotation of
arm laterally (supination)
51
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
Short muscle Origin on medial epicondyle of
humerus AND coronoid process of ulna Inserts on
lateral surface of radius Rotates arm medially -
pronation, palm facing down
52
Lower Arm Movement
Flexors
Extensors
Rotators
Supinator Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
Short muscle Bridges distal end of ulna to
distal end of radius. Assists pronator teres in
rotating arm medially.
53
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi
ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum
profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis
Extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi radialis
brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum
54
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Flexor carpi radialis
Fleshy muscle running medially on anterior
surface of forearm. Origin medial epicondyle
of humerus Insertion base of 2nd and 3rd
metacarpels Flexes wrist and abducts hand
55
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin at the medial epicondyle of humerus and
olecranon process Inserts to carpel and
metacarpel bones Flexes wrist and adducts hand
56
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Palmaris longus
Slender muscle on medial side of the forearm
between flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi
ulnaris Origin medial epicondyle of humerus
Inserts to fascia of palm Flexes the wrist
57
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Flexor digitorum profundus
Large muscle Origin on anterior surface of
ulna Inserts to bases of distal phalanges on
fingers 2-5 Flexes distal joints of fingers
58
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Large muscle beneath the flexor carpi
ulnaris Origin - medial epicondyle of humerus,
coronoid process of ulna and radius Insertion -
tendons of fingers
59
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin on distal end of the humerus Runs along
lateral side of forearm Inserts in to hand at
base of 2nd metacarpal Extends hand and abducts
wrist
60
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Origin on lateral epicondyle of humerus Inserts
on base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals Companion to
longus, extends wrist and abducts hand
61
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Origin on lateral epicondyle of humerus Runs
across posterior surface of forearm Inserts to
base of 5th metacarpal Extends wrist and adducts
hand
62
Movement of the Hand
Flexors
Extensors
Extensor digitorum
Origin on lateral epicondyle of humerus Inserts
on the posterior surface of phalanges
2-5 Extends fingers
63
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External Oblique
Rectus abdominus
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Unlike thoracic contents, abdominal contents not
support by bone but by muscle. Linea alba - band
of connective tissue from xiphoid process to
sterum of symphysis pubis Respiration,
defecation, urination, vomiting, childbirth
64
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External Oblique
Rectus abdominus
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Origin on outer surfaces of lower ribs. Inserts
to iliac crest and linea alba Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses abdominal contents
65
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External Oblique
Rectus abdominus
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Inserts iliac crest and inguinal
ligament Inserts to cartilage of lower ribs,
linea alba and crest of pubis Tenses abdominal
wall and compresses abdominal contents
66
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External Oblique
Rectus abdominus
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Origin on costal cartilage of lower ribs,
processes of lumber vertebrae, iliac crest and
inguinal ligament Inserts Linea Alba and crest
of pubis Tenses abdominal wall and compresses
abdominal contents
67
Muscles of the abdominal wall
External Oblique
Rectus abdominus
Internal Oblique
Transversus abdominus
Origin Crest of pubis and symphysis
pubis Inserts xiphoid process and costal
cartilage Tension in abdominal wall, flexes
vertebral column
68
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Levator ani Coccygeus Forms floor of pelvic
cavity
Superficial transversus perinei Bulbospongiosus Is
chiocavernosus Fills space within pubic arch
69
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Levator ani Origin on pubic bone and ischial
spine Forms a thin sheet across pelvic
outlet. Sphinter like action in anal canal and
vagina
70
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Coccygeus Origin on Ischial spine Inserts to
sacrum and coccyx Sphinter action and supports
pelvic viscera
71
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Superficial transversus perinei Origin on
Ischial tuberosity, passes medially and inserts
to central tendon Supports pelvic viscera
72
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Bulbospongiosus Origin on central
tendon Inserts Male - urogenital diaphragm and
fascia of penis Female - pubic arch and root of
clitoris Support and retards venous flow
73
Muscles of the Pelvis
Pelvic Diaphragm
Urogential Diaphragm
Ischiocavernosus Origin on Ischial
tuberosity Inserts Public arch Assists the
bulbospongiosus
74
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Psoas major Iliacus
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus
minimus Gloutos (Gr. Buttocks)
75
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Psoas major Thick, long muscle that has origin
on lumber vertebrae. Inserts to lesser
trochanter of femur Flexes the thigh
76
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Iliacus Fan-shaped muscle. Origin on Iliac
fossa Inserts on lesser trochanter of
femur Along with Psoas major advances thigh in
walking
77
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Gluteus maximus Largest muscle in body Origin
sacrum, coccyx, posterior surface of
ilium Inserts posterior surface of femur and
fascia of thigh Extends thigh at hip
78
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Gluteus medius Origin on lateral surface of
ilium. Inserts to greater trochanter of
femur Abducts thigh and rotates it medially.
79
Movement of the Thigh
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
Gluteus minimus Lies underneath gluteus
medius Origin lateral surface of ilium Inserts
to greater trochanter of femur Same function as
gluteus medius
80
Movement of the Thigh
Thigh Adductors
Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor
magnus gracilis
81
Movement of the Thigh
Thigh Adductors
Pectineus Origin spine of pubis Inserts femur
distal to lesser trochanter Adducts and flexes
thigh
82
Movement of the Thigh
Thigh Adductors
Adductor longus Origin pubic bone near
symphysis Insertion on posterior surface of
femur Adducts and flexes thigh, rotates it
laterally
83
Movement of the Thigh
Thigh Adductors
Adductor Magnus Origin Ischial
tuberosity Insertion on posterior surface of
femur Adducts and flexes thigh, rotates it
laterally
84
Movement of the Thigh
Thigh Adductors
Gracilis Origin on pubic bone, inserts to medial
tibia. Adducts thigh and flexes leg at the knee
85
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Quadriceps femoris group
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Sart
orius
86
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Biceps femoris Long originates on ischium and
inserts to head of fibula and lateral condyle of
tibia Short originates on femur and inserts to
same. Flexes leg and rotates it
laterally Hamstring
87
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Semitendinosus Another hamstring muscle Band of
muscle from ischial tuberosity to medial surface
of tibia Long tendon Flexes and rotates the
leg medial and extends the thigh
88
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Semimembranosus Most medial hamstring muscle
in back of thigh. Band of muscle from ischial
tuberosity to medial condyle of tibia Flexes
and rotates the leg medial and extends the thigh
89
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Sartorius Strap-like muscle passing obliquely
across front of thigh descending over medial side
of knee Origin anterior superior iliac
spine Insertion medial surface of tibia Flexes
leg and thigh, abducts and rotates thigh
laterally
90
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Quadriceps femoris group (common patella
insertion)
Rectus femoris Origin spine of ilium and margin
of acetabulum
91
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Quadriceps femoris group (common patella
insertion)
Vastus lateralis Origin greater trochanter and
posterior surface of femur
92
Muscles that move the leg
Flexors
Extensors
Quadriceps femoris group (common patella
insertion)
Vastus medialis Origin anterior and lateral
surfaces of femur
93
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Tibialis posterior
Tibialis anterior Fibularis tertius Extensor
digitorum longus
Fibularis posterior
Gastrocnemius Soleus Flexor digitorum longus
94
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Dorsiflexion - lifting foot so superior surface
closer to ankle Plantar flexion - straightening
foot (pointing toes).
95
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Inversion - sole of foot turned
medially Eversion - sole of foot faces laterally
96
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Tibialis anterior Long muscle of front of
leg Origin lateral condyle and lateral surface
of tibia Insertion Tarsal bone and 1st
metacarpel Dorsiflexion and inversion
97
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Fibularis tertius Origin Anterior surface of
fibula. Insertion Dorsal surface of 5th
metacarpel Dorsiflexion and inversion
98
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Extensor digitorum longus Origin lateral
condyle of tibia and anterior surface of
tibia Insertion dorsal surfaces of 2nd 3rd
phalanges of four lateral toes Dorsiflexion,
eversion of foot and extension of toes
99
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Gastrocnemius Prominent calf muscle Origin
lateral and medial condyles of femur Insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus (calcaneal
tendon) Planter flexion of foot and flexion of
leg at knee
100
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Soleus Thick flat muscle beneath gastrocnemius
(other muscle of calf) Origin head, shaft of
fibula and posterior surface of tibia Inserts
posterior surface of calcaneus Planter flexion
of foot
101
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Flexor digitorum longus Origin posterior
surface of tibia Insertion distal phalanges of
4 lateral toes Plantar flexion and inversion of
foot, and flexion of 4 lateral toes
102
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Tibialis posterior Deepest of muscles on back of
leg. Origin lateral condyle and posterior
surface of tibia and posterior surface of
fibula Insertion tarsal and metatarsal
bones. Plantar flexion and inversion of foot
103
Muscles that move the foot
Dorsal Flexors
Invertor
Plantar Flexors
Evertor
Fibularis longus Strap-like muscle on lateral
side of leg Origin lateral condyle of tibia and
head and shaft of fibula Insertion Tarsal and
metatarsals. Plantar flexion and eversion (also
supports arch).
Fibular retinacula