History 1301 U'S' History, 14921877

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History 1301 U.S. History, 1492-1877

• Section 100
• Syllabus
• Special Nature of this Course
• Internationalizing the Curriculum

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U.S./Global History

• Geography
• Regions
• What and Where is North America?
• Processes
• Diffusion (Technology, Ideals, Religion,
  Strategies, Organizational Strategies
• How do they happen?
• Migrations, Trade, Military Engagement,
  Missionaries, Publishing, Transportation,
  Communication Methods
• U.S. History is a product of complex,
  intertwined, and reinforcing cross cultural
  processes across time and space
• These processes started early, and picked up
  speed over time
• Today we speak of globalization. But the process
  is nothing new, just todays manifestation. Or
  is it?

3
Founders (2 Sets)

• The Pre-Colombian Era
• Origins (First Founders)
• Timeline
• 2.5 million years ago Humans ancestors first
  appear in Africa
• 70,000 years ago Ancestors of modern humans moved
  from Africa to Europe and Asia
• 25,000 to 11,000 yrs Ice Age
• 14,000 years ago Clovis hunters appear in North
  America

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Two Migration Patterns
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Worlds Apart
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North America 10,000 B.C.E 500 CE

• Hunting and Gathering
• Absence of Large Domesticated Animals
• Agricultural Revolution Begins around 200 BCE
• Mesoamerica Maize, Beans, squash, etc.
• Andes Region Potato, Manioc (Cassava)
• Eastern North America (sunflowers squash)
• Slow Diffusion throughout various regions

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Domestication of Crops Worldwide 10,000 B.C.E
500 CE
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Evolution of More Complex Societies Mesoamerica
especially after 500 C.E.

• Olmec (1500 BCE 300 CE)
• Mayan (300 900 CE)
• Teotihuacan (300-700 CE)
• Zapotec (600-900)
• Toltec (900-1200)
• Aztec (Mexica) (1300-1500)
• Timeline

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Andes Region of South America

• Mochica a Tiahuanaco (100 900)
• Chimu (900-1200)
• Inca (1200-1500)
• Timeline

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North America

• Anasazi (750-1300)
• Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde
• Mississippians (500-1300)
• Moundville, Cahokia
• Contact with Mesoamerica
• and each other

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Pre-Columbian North America
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Founders The Next Group

• Between 1200-1500 there
• was extensive contact between
• Eurasian societies.
• Mongols
• Transregional Travelers
• Marco Polo
• Ibn Battuta
• Ming Dynasty
• Treasure Fleets
• Vikings Reach
• North America
• Why did history forget?

13
Spanish and Portuguese Maritime Voyages in the
15th Century

• Portugal and Spain
• only recently united
• Portuguese Exploration
• Exploring Africa
• Dias, Da Gama
• Maritime Technology
• Caravel
• Atlantic Islands
• Sugar and Slaves

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Caravel
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Spanish Exploration of the Atlantic World in the
15th and 16th Centuries

• Columbuss Foibles
• He and others lay
• foundations for the
• New World
• Conquest of the Indies
• (Caribbean Islands)

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Spanish Conquest and Exploitation of the
Americas, 16th Century

• Human and ecological disaster
• The newcomers enslaved and killed natives
  disease claimed many lives
• Spanish livestock destroyed gardens
• Drop in native population prompts the Spanish to
  bring in African slaves

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Further Spanish Conquest and Exploitation

• Cortes and Aztecs (1520s)
• Pizarro and Incas (1530s)
• Guns, Germs, and Steel
• Silver!!
• Encomienda System

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Theres More, Right?

• Further Spanish Exploration
• Desoto in Florida 1530s and 1540s
• Coronado in Great Plains
• French, Portuguese, Dutch and English
• enter the Picture
• Cartier and St. Lawrence River Valley
• English and East Coast of North America
• Dutch and East Coast of North America
• Portuguese and East Coast of South America
• None found silver, but each lands a claim

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Exploration in North America by early 1600s
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The Columbian Exchange

• Ecological Imperialism
• Flora, Fauna, Disease
• Amerindian Deaths
• Population Surge in Afro-Eurasia
• A Real New World

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An Atlantic World Begins to Emerge
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The Rise of the Atlantic World and Western Europe

• New Source of Wealth creates intense rivalry
  among
• newly emerging kingdoms in Western Europe
• Reformation (starts in early 1500s) intensifies
  this rivalry

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Global Links/Big Picture
Silver (RED)