Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World

1
Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World

• Hannu H. KARI
• Helsinki University of Technology (HUT)
• professor/TML-laboratory/CS/HUT
• director/TOTI-Institute/HUTHannu.Kari_at_hut.fi,
  http//www.tcm.hut.fi/hhk

2
Agenda

• 1. Telecom vs. datacom views
• 2. Wired/wireless access
• 3. Mobility in IP world
• 4. Mobile applications
• 5. Mobile services
• 6. Future interests
• 7. Conclusions
• 8. More information

3
1. Telecom view
Voice
Video
Internet
SMS
Mobile phone
UMTS
GSM
Multimedia
banking
GPRS
Coke, parking
E-commerce
WAP
4
1. Datacom view
Voice
WEB
Video
Multimedia
Mobility
Security
IP
Ethernet
Token Ring
GPRS
WLAN
5
1. Datacom view
Voice
WEB
Video
Multimedia
IP
Mobility
Security
Ethernet
Token Ring
GPRS
WLAN
6
2. Wired/wireless access

• Fast development of IP based fixed local networks
• 10 Mbps -gt 100 Mbps -gt 1 Gbps -gt
• All that in just few years!
• And what has happened in telecom world?
• Wireless transmission follows the development of
  wired networks
• but wired communication has been always 10100x
  faster than wireless
• Enhancements on wireless communication
• WLAN speed went up 2 Mbps gt 11 Mbps in just two
  years, 100 Mbps is coming

7
2. Wired/wireless capacity
Fixed
WLAN
1Gbps
Telecom
100Mbps
Satellite
10Mbps
Max transfer speed
1Mbps
100kbps
10kbps
1kbps
0.1m
1m
10m
100m
1km
10km
100km
Mobiles distance
8
2.1. Wireless access Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots

• Not all areas are covered with same unwired
  communication capacity
• Distance from the wireless access point
• Used frequency
• Number of other users in the area
• Indoors/outdoors
• Popularity of the area (city/rural)

9
2.1. Wireless access Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots

• Users/applications will see various capacities
• Indoors
• (tens of) megabits/s
• Outdoors
• City tens/hundreds of kilobits/s
• Rural (tens of) kilobits/s
• Very remote areas (oceans, forest, ) few bits/s
• Some places
• No capacity at all

10
2.1. Wireless access Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots
frozen
cold
warm
hot
users travel path
11
3. Mobility in IP world

• Mobility levels
• Macro/Micro/Nano mobility
• Standard Mobile IP
• Originally intended for infrequent mobility
• Slow change between access points
• All updates go all the way to home (HA)
• Hierarchical Mobile IP
• Dynamics, HUT Mobile IP -project

12
3.1 Mobility levels

• Macro mobility
• Mobility between organizations or technologies
• E.g., from GPRS to WLAN network
• Micro mobility
• Mobility within an organization between access
  points
• E.g., from one WLAN access point to another
• Nano mobility (Term introduced by
  HUT/MART-project)
• Mobility within an access point
• E.g., from direct access with access point to
  access via a repeater link

13
3.2 Mobility levelsMacro mobility
Corresponding host
Home
Same route
Internet
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Organization 2
Organization 1
Mobile node
Mobile node
14
3.3 Mobility levelsMicro mobility
Corresponding host
Home
Same route
Internet
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Organization 2
Organization 1
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Mobile node
Mobile node
15
3.4 Mobility levelsNano mobility
Corresponding host
Home
Same route
Internet
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Organization 2
Organization 1
Mobile node
Mobile node
16
3.5 Standard Mobile IP

• Traditional Mobile IP
• Updates always the home agent

HA
Internet
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
MN
17
3.6 Hierarchical mobility

• Enhanced, hierarchical Mobile IP
• Updates only up to the level needed

HA
1
7
Internet
FA
1
4
FA
FA
FA
1
6
7
8
3
4
2
5
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
FA
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
MN
18
4. Mobile applications

• Impacts of mobility on applications
• Adjust applications to available capacity
• E.g., change video coding
• Activate/deactivate applications according to
  available capacity
• E.g., download emails when enough capacity
• Take into consideration also the cost of
  transmission
• E.g., wait for low cost service or change the
  place to get cheap access

19
5. Mobile services

• Pull-type services
• Email, WWW,
• Push-type services
• News, stock info, weather, road info,
• Location based information
• Services using location knowledge
• Local advertisements, services, attractions
• Services using spare time of the user
• Games, entertainment, virtual tags

20
6. Future interests

• Applications/services coping with
• Variable
• bandwidth, transfer delay, processing capacity,
  terminal capabilities, transfer cost, temporary
  coverageloss,
• Different
• terminal types, operating systems, manufacturers,
  radio protocols,
• Applications/services must be
• configurable, self-learning, adaptable, scaleable

21
7. Conclusions

• IP rules! Wired and wireless world will be
  integrated
• Mobility comes everywhere
• Multiple radio standards, low cost radios
• Common nominator of all systems is IP
• Common everyday technologies in the near future
• Transmission (IP), security (data protection,
  authetication, e-commerce), mobility (ubicomp)
• Future focus on
• Service platforms, content, user aspects,
  usability, AND control of digital information

22
8. More information

• http//www.cs.hut.fi/TOTI
• http//www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/
• http//www.mediapoli.com/
• http//www.otaverkko.fi/