Gandhian Vision of Rural Industrialization

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Gandhian Vision of Rural Industrialization
Needs and challenges
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Synopsis of Presentation

• Indias development experience
• Need for Gandhian Model of development -
  challenges of its practical Implementation
• Attempts done so far - their critical review
• Hopeful signs-silver linings in the dark clouds
• Role of Technical Institutions-suggestions

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OUR PATH TO DEVELOPMENT
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The Model of Development

• Increase wealth of nation through Planned growth
  in agriculture and industry--emphasis on
  centralized technologies
• The wealth would trickle down to masses thus
  alleviating poverty
• Help to village industries only a stop gap
  arrangement for quick employment generation

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Growth in Economy
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Indias Development Experience

• 35 below poverty line-huge unemployment
• Unaccounted money in circulation 30-50 of GDP
• Transparency International India nearly at the
  top in corruption
• Total Debt Rs2,000,000 crores ( 35 external)
• skewed economic growth ( carvak model) and moral
  shrinkage

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Task force on Employment ...report submitted to
Planning Commission (2002)

• Only if GDP growth 8-9 employment opportunities
  would increase..if it continues at average of
  6.5 it will not lead to any significant
  improvement in employment
• Almost near jobless growth in 1990s
• Unemployment about 10 crore youth

What are its implications?
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The Danger ahead -globalisation

• Stark inequalities can be a recipe for
  socio-political and economic destabilization in a
  globalising economy PMs Council

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We need Holistic Growth with Social justice
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Holistic Growth with Social justice

• Failure of capitalistic and communist models -of
  materialistic world view-their non sustainability
• The humanistic alternative Ruskin, Gandhi,
  Maslow, Schumacher
• Gandhian View Development should be holistic
  Non-exploitative, i.e. sustainable
• Possible only in Self sufficient Village
  Republics Gram-swaraj Swadeshi ---wealth
  generation in a distributed manner not
  re-distribution of wealth generated centrally
• Need for Rural Industrialization--decentralised
  production

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Challenges in Implementing Gandhian Model

• Gandhiji I do visualize electricity, ship
  building, iron works, machine making and the like
  existing side by side with village handicrafts.
  But the order of dependence will be reversed..
• Technical feasibility Is it possible to have
  production by masses in a manner that can compete
  with mass production?
• Social feasibility - change in the world view of
  society Imbibing universal human
  values-Holistic Education

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Efforts Done till now

• AIVIA set up by Gandhiji
  in 1935 at Wardha
• Voluntary effort of dedicated Gandhians
• Akhil Bhartiya Sarva Seva Sangha
• Setting up of KVIC 1957 .JBCRI handed over to
  it
• Activities at JBCRI
• Contribution of NGOs
• Rural Technology Centres in IITs, IISc

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Why have these efforts not borne fruit ?
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Technical Feasibility.1
Why have these efforts not borne fruit

• Mind set VI sector is bound to be
  un-competitive ( economy of scale)
• low productivity quality
• VI sectors role is primarily to provide
  employment---- not a viable method of
  production
• No systematic efforts by technical institutions
  to innovate technologies, management practices
  for decentralised production---limited expertise
  with NGOs
• Technical education oriented towards organised
  sector alone

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Technical Feasibility.2
Why have these efforts not borne fruit

• No emphasis on Indigenous Technology
  development. Import is cheaper
• Rural Technology Centres islands of
  mediocrity in ocean of excellence
• The Culture of Resource Generation in Technical
  Institutions
• Limited paying capability of KVI enterprises
• Lack of recognition for such low technology
  work-- unfavourable institutional ethos
• Faculty appraisal international publications

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Social Feasibility
Why have these efforts not borne fruit..

• Materialistic world view promotes consumerism
  ostentatious living
• rejects simple living as a policy
• rejects appropriate technologies
• Attenuates the spirit of Service in NGOs ...from
  seva to naukri
• The Education System promotes cut-throat
  competition
• no discussion on values default value
  system-hedonism , materialistic world view

The future of any society depends on the
education of its youth
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Hope for the future ?
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Success stories of decentralised
production-management

• AMUL
• Lijjat Papad
• SEWA
• Mumbai Dabbawalas
• Handloom -Handicraft exports
• Contribution of NGOs

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Silver Linings in the Clouds

• Ecological awareness-sustainable development
  movement
• sustainable production consumption
• values for sustainable development
• Increasing popularity of Products best produced
  in VI Sector Organic foods, Cotton, Ayurvedic
  remedies, herbal food supplements
• IT Revolution-potential for help in marketing
• Introduction of Education in Human Values in the
  education system

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RIO-DECLARATION on Environment Development

• 5 Eradicating poverty...decrease disparities an
  indispensable requirement for sustainable
  development
• 8 Eliminate unsustainable patterns of production
  and consumption
• 22 recognize and support indigenous knowledge
  and traditional practices

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Role of Technical Institutions..some suggestions?
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Technical Feasibility
Some suggestions

• Develop technologies and management practices to
  make decentralized production competitive
• Student Projects ( at all levels) related to KVI
  Sector
• Practical training in good KVI units
• Seek Grants for projects related to KVIC Sector
• Rural entrepreneurship as a viable career
• Rural Energy Infrastructure Development

Identify policy changes to give due recognition
to such RD work
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Social Feasibility
Some suggestions

• Introduce Education in Human Values in the
  Curriculum
• What , Why and How of Value inculcation ?
• Interaction of Science Technology and Human
  Values - sustainable development
• Engineering Ethics
• Conduct Training programmes to sensitize
  professional engineers , scientists NGOs

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Role of Governmental Agencies
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Role of Governmental Agencies
Some suggestions

• KVIC Set up a Model Apex Institution to
  Coordinate the process of Transfer of Attention
  of S, T M institutions to KVI Sector
• Provide it with sufficient autonomy and resources
  to fund research projects related to KVI
  Sector----ethos of a facilitator and not a
  stereotype auditor
• Set up its Technical Interface units in reputed
  Technical Institutions
• Promote rural Entrepreneurship Development
  programmes in Technical Institutions

MGIRI
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Role of Government Agencies
Some suggestions

• AICTE Promote this work through affirmative
  action--accreditation policy
• GOI Changes in Technology Policy and other
  affirmative action
• Earmark a portion ( say 2) of funds of rural
  development ministry for RD activities related
  to KVI Sector
• Give Priority to strengthening the rural energy
  programme and IT network
• Emphasis indigenous technology development

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Role of Government Agencies
Some suggestions

• CSIR , DST , MNES , DBT, CAPART etc.
• Encourage R D work at various levels-- from
  research labs to Grass root innovators -- to
  strengthen KVI Sector in various ways

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What should we aim to achieve in this workshop?
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• Evolve Policies and action plans for various
  stakeholders ( especially technical institutions)
  which would accelerate the process of rural
  industrialization in tune with the Gandhian
  vision of sustainable village economy
• the products of the KVI sector can compete with
  those of the mainstream industrial sector and
  become equally popular in the country and abroad

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Identify Action Plans to .

• Provide best possible S,TM inputs to increase
  productivity, ensure quality and marketing of
  KVIC products
• Create an ethos to attract professionally trained
  youth to Gandhian vision-- initiate the process
  of bringing about a change in the world view
• Empower traditional craftsmen, artisans in
  various ways---- learning and training,
  integration with mainstream technical education
• Promote Rural Entrepreneurship Development
  programmes in technical institutions

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Thank You All !