Rajendra K' Khetan

1
Analysis of Budget, Social Inclusion and Woman
Empowerment

• Rajendra K. Khetan
• President, SEYEC
• (Socio Economic - Young Entrepreneurs Council)

2
Womanhood - Defined

• WOMAN
• An adult female human.
• WOMANHOOD - The state of being a woman.
• Source - http//www.brainydictionary.com/

3
The Cult of Domesticity and True Womanhood

• Women were purely confined to the home and
  domestic chores since ages.
• Between 1820 and the Civil War, A new ideal of
  womanhood and a new ideology about the home arose
  out of the new attitudes about work and family.
  Called the "cult of domesticity,"

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The Cult of Domesticity (Contd. )

• This ideal of womanhood had essentially four
  characteristics
• piety,
• purity,
• domesticity, and
• submissiveness
• Source - www.bargaintermpapers.com/term-papers/126
  3/cult-of-true-womenhood.html

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The Cult of Domesticity (Contd. )

• For the true woman, a woman's rights were as
  follows
• The right to love whom others scorn,
• The right to comfort and to mourn,
• The right to shed new joy on earth,
• The right to feel the soul's high worth,
• Such woman's rights a God will bless
• And crown their champions with success

6
International Women's Day

• From 1909, 28th February was started to be
  celebrated as International Womens Day. From
  1911 onwards, it is now celebrated on 8th March
  every year.

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Gender Equality

• The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San
  Francisco in 1945, was the first international
  agreement to proclaim gender equality as a
  fundamental human right

8

• UNIFEM is the womens fund
• at the United Nations. It provides financial
  and technical assistance to innovative programmes
  and strategies to foster womens empowerment and
  gender equality

9

• UNIFEM has identified four strategic areas that
  are of critical concern for the achievement of
  gender equality and women's empowerment
• Reducing feminized poverty
• Ending violence against women
• Reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS among women and
  girls
• Achieving gender equality in democratic
  governance in times of peace as well as war

10

• GRBI is a collaborative effort between the United
  Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), The
  Commonwealth Secretariat and Canada's
  International Development Research Centre (IDRC),
  to support government and civil society in
  analysing national and/or local budgets from a
  gender perspective and applying this analysis to
  the formulation of gender responsive budgets. 

11
Women in Leadership

• Finland is the only country in the world which
  has a woman Head of State, a woman Presiding
  Officer of Parliament and a sizeable share of
  women ministers and women MPs (44 per cent and
  36.5 per cent, respectively).

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Women in Leadership (Contd. )

• Another high performer is Sweden, the only
  country where women account for over half of the
  Executive (55 per cent) and where the percentage
  of women in Parliament (42.7 per cent) is the
  highest both globally and regionally.

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Women in Leadership (Contd. )

• At the highest level of Head of State or
  Government, only 8 countries had a woman in that
  position Bangladesh, Finland, Ireland, Latvia,
  New Zealand, Panama, San Marino (rotating
  six-month presidency) and Sri Lanka
• Twenty-one countries also had a woman Deputy Head
  of State or Government

14
Women in Leadership (Contd. )

• In the legislative branch, of 177 States with a
  Parliament, including 65 with bicameral systems
  (totaling 242 Chambers of Parliament), only 22
  have a woman Presiding Officer of Parliament.
• There are a total of 40,256 MPs throughout the
  world. From available statistics, 34,049 are men.
  Only 5,256 are women.

15
Women in Leadership (Contd. )

• At cabinet level, the portfolios most often
  entrusted to women remain those of Social
  Affairs, Women's Affairs, Health, Employment,
  Family, Culture, Environment, or even Justice.
  Only two women head Ministries of Defense.

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Some Data on Nepal

• Year women received right to vote  - 1951
• Year women received right to stand for election -
  1951
• Year first woman elected (E) or appointed (A) to
  parliament  - 1952
• Adult literacy, Female rate ( age 15 and above)
  1999  - 22.8
• Female economic activity (age 15 and above) rate
  (), 1999 - 56.9

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Women in Policy-Making bodies in Trade Unions in
Nepal
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Some Key Data on Women in Nepal
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Areas for Potential for Women in Nepal

• since women are sincere receptive in nature and
  Nepal has good yield in service sector and
  tourism it could be lead sector for women
  community 
• since women are creative and innovative new
  sector may emerged under there lead role
• women are found more honest so places where
  public service delivery is related they can take
  lead
•  

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Strategies for Women Uplifting in Nepal

• strategies to make women capable in taking lead
  in socio economic front of the country from their
  childhood like mandatory education (oil and pitho
  up to class 10 as compensation), poly-tech,
  livelihood, nutrition, health, khop pre post
  maternity and child feed care.
• social security to old age and job guarantee to
  widow (special focus on insurgency where young
  women are getting widow)
• gender friendly environment at work and gray line
  on minimum form of work.

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Strategies for Women Uplifting in Nepal Contd.

• right to wealth with property in practical terms.
• at law making level like planning stage women and
  those who need to be addressed socially be
  involved at the same proportion they obtain in
  population.
• use techno financial instrument to support and
  uplift socially backward and women community
  (like insurance, micro credit, vocational and
  semi skill and forward up trainings )
• sense of 1st equitable and then equality in
  resources and benefits to all section and gender
  of the society

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Strategies for Women Uplifting in Nepal Contd.

• Womens Rights
• Constitution guarantees equal right to both men
  and women.
• Nepal has ratified theUN convention on
  Elimination of All forms of Discrimination
  Against Women (CEDAW).
• Still many laws discriminate against women.
• Women do not have inheritance right unless they
  remain unmarried.
• Ensure women the equal right to property.
• Up-bring a critical mass of women at senior
  decision making and policy-planning level for
  total conceptualization in integration of women
  in the mainstream of development.

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Some NGOs working on Women in Nepal

• Asmita
• Didibahini (Gender equality in Nepal), working
  towards equal involvement of men and women in
  development programmes in Nepal
• Maiti Nepal - organization working against girl
  trafficking and women in exploitation
• Legal Aid and Consultancy Centre (LACC)
• Tewa
• SAS Sancharika Samuha, a forum of women
  communicators, established after the Beijing
  conference in April 1996, with the objective of
  promoting a more healthy and gender sensitive
  media.
• Women's Rehabilitation Centre (WOREC)
• Women Acting Together for Change (WATCH)

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Major International Conferences on Women

• Till now, four major world conferences on women
  have been held -
• The first conference was held in Mexico in 1975.
• The second conference in Copenhagen in 1980.
• The third in Nairobi in 1985.
• The fourth conference held in Beijing in 1995 has
  held the limelight more significantly than any
  other conference.

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Major International Conferences on Women Contd.

• In June 2000, the United Nations organized a
  special session dubbed the Beijing 5 Conference.
  During the conference, Nepal submitted its
  national commitment containing achievements,
  shortcomings, challenges, problems and future
  plans.

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Woman Empowerment in National Planning

• 7th Plan 2042-2047 BS
• Adopted policy of Women Participation in
  Development Work in line with the UN
  International Conference on Women held in Mexico
  in 1975.
• The main objectives were
• Participation in Labor force for Women
  development.
• Raising of Socio-economical status of women for
  all-round development.
• Making women independent in production by way of
  utilization of skills

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Woman Empowerment in National Planning -7th
Plan Contd.

• The main Policies were
• More opportunities in Education.
• Better Health services and Population Control.
• Training for participation in Agriculture.
• Women participation in Community Forestry.
• Agricultural Loan
• Participation in formulation of policies.
• Activation of organisations working in the fields
  of Women.
• Revision of Laws and Statutes hindering women
  development.

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Woman Empowerment in National Planning

• 8th Plan 2049-2054 BS
• The Main slogan was Women in Development
• Major Policies Adopted were
• Participation in Education.
• Compulsory appointment of Female Teacher.
• Quota System (for higher education)
• Encouragement for Family Planning.
• Reduction in both Infant and Maternal Mortality
  Rate.
• Women participation in Agriculture
• Women participation in Land preservation.

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National Planning -8th Plan Contd.

• Concept of Common organisation for rural women.
• Training to Women for establishment of
  industries.
• Loan program and Small Farming women development
  program.
• Participation of Women working in Government and
  non-government sectors in policy formation.
• Financial Assistance
• Activation of organisations working in the fields
  of Women.
• Training for Legal Services
• Women participation in Consumer Committees
• Development and Expansion of Technology.

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Woman Empowerment in National Planning

• 9th Plan 2054-2059 BS
• The Main slogan was Women Development
• Major Policies Adopted were
• Merger in Main Stream of development.
• Specific provisions in Policies, programs and
  Targets.
• Objective and Scientific evaluation of household
  work performed by women.
• Development of Institutional Structures.
• Monitoring and Evaluation of Womens
  participation in Development.
• Removing Gender In equalities
• Formation of Laws based on equalities.
• Reduction in Social and other discriminations.
• Protection of Women Human rights.
• Training and promotion for Gender awareness.

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National Planning -9th Plan Contd.

• Women- Empowerment
• Adoption of policy for enhancement of women
  participation.
• Deployment of Women human resources.
• Women Health services
• Enhancement in accessibility to education.
• Opportunities for Employment
• Womens accessibility to Agricultural technology.

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Woman Empowerment in National Planning

• 10th Plan 2059-2064 BS
• The Main slogan is Gender Equality and Women
  Rights.
• Major Policies Adopted were
• Women- Empowerment
• Priority to Policies and programs targeted
  towards women.
• Launching Women literacy as a campaign.
• Women participation in Income Generation
  programs.
• Enhancement in Employment.
• Equal participation of Women in Politics and
  Administration.

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National Planning -10th Plan Contd.

• Human Awareness program
• Womens accessibility in commercial technology
• Policy for Socio-economic development of backward
  women.
• Technological development.
• Revision in legal acts like Industrial policy,
  Labor policy etc.

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National Planning -10th Plan Contd.

• Gender Equality
• Formation of laws based on equality.
• Increase in awareness of gender equality.
• Mass promotion of awareness for need of gender
  equality.
• Reinforcement of Legal and institutional
  arrangements for controlling violence against
  women

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National Planning -10th Plan Contd.

• Women in Main stream
• Specifying objectives, policies and targets from
  the Gender point of view.
• Making monitoring and evaluation effective.
• Women involvement / participation in local
  development works.
• Enforcement of Gender budget.
• Development of focal point in all ministries for
  coordination.
• Formation of Women commission.

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THANK YOU