MODULE 2 REVIEW

1

• MODULE 2 REVIEW
• THE FRENCH REGIME
• 1663-1760

2
SETTLEMENT

• Factors affecting settlement (Reasons areas were
  settled the way they were!)
• Economic Religious
• - fur trade - mission settlement
• - Quebec City - convert natives
• - Trois Rivieres - Montreal (Ville Marie)
• - hospitals/schools
• BOTH types of settlements all located along the
  St. Lawrence Valley.

3

• Before 1650
• Slow growth
• Fur trade did not need much labour
• Merchants not interested in encouraging
  settlement
• Government efforts to populate New France failed

• After 1650
• Population increase
• King subsidizes immigration
• Disbanded soldiers given land to stay
• Seigneurial system encourages settlement

4
Jean Talons Policies

• WHO? Intendant of New France 1665-1672
• WHAT? Doubled population due to immigration and
  high
• birth rate
• Immigration Birth Rate Initiatives
• filles du roi to large families
• soldiers given land to marry young
• (Carignan-Salieres Regiment)
  families with 10
• hired workers (engages)
  children
• bachelors penalized
• fathers fined if
• 
  children unmarried

5
Seigneurial System

• PURPOSE
• Encourage settlement of New France
• Promote the distribution of land
• CHARACTERISTICS
• Long narrow strips of land (concessions)
  perpendicular to a river
• Seigneurs granted land to tenent-farmers
  (censitaires), built roads and a mill, held court
• Censitaires cleared land to keep it, paid a rent
  (portion of crops/animals), worked free (corvee)
  3 days, paid a tax if sold their land (lod et
  ventes)

6
LOOKED LIKE THIS
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POLITICAL STRUCTURE

• 1663-1760
• Relations with Mother Country dependant on
  France for
• population (immigration)
• economic development
• military
• political and civil administration
• LOUIS XIV revokes charter for the Company of 100
  Associates in 1663. Government switches from
  local administration by fur companies to Royal
  Government directly under the King of France.

8

• KING (absolute monarch)
• France
• - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ministry of
  Marine (responsible for colonies)- - - - - - -
• New France
• Sovereign Council
• (court of appeal)
• governor intendant bishop some others
• Governor
  Intendant
• represented King
  administered colony
• military affairs Bishop justice
• external relations (religious
  head) finances
• Captain of Militia
• named by governor and intendant
• responsible for local military
• 
  
• 
  People

9
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• Roles of the Church
• Religious
• provide religious services to the colony (parish
  duties)
• convert the Natives to Christianity
• Social
• education, hospitals, charities

10

• Regular clergy
• members of missionary orders such as Jesuits,
  Recollets, and the Ursuline Sisters, etc.
• set up schools and hospitals
• most in contact with Natives in order to convert
  them
• many involved in explorations of the interior of
  Canada
• Secular clergy
• parish priests responsible for keeping records
  of births, deaths, marriages, plus church
  services
• Bishops organized the parishes, installed
  priests, sat on Sovereign Council, great deal of
  power

11
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• B. Social Groups
• NOBILITY BOURGEOISIE
  COMMONERS
• - military and political -
  merchants - farmers
• authorities (intendant, - civil
  servants - parish priests
• governor) -
  seigneurs - innkeepers
• - upper clergy this is the middle -
  coureurs des
• (bishop) class bois

12
New France VS France

• same language/dialect spoken
• no regional difference
• farms bigger, more land available, more fuel
• dispersed (widely scattered) settlement
• People are more equal
• less rigid social structure
• more personal freedoms
• independent, self-reliant people
• better and more varied diet
• allowed to hunt
• no direct taxes
• upper class not as rich

• many different languages/dialects spoken
• regional differences great
• farms very small, rarely owned by farmers
• settlements densely located around large cities
  and towns
• very rigid class structure
• few personal freedoms
• less varied diet
• taxed directly
• upper class (aristocracy) very wealthy