Extraction of Salt From a Mixture

1
Extraction of Salt From a Mixture
2
Mixtures

• A mixture is a combination of two or more
  substances that do not chemically react when
  combined
• Homogeneous mixtures are uniform throughout
• Heterogeneous mixtures are non-uniform
  throughout.

3
Separation Science

• Separation Science - the separation of mixtures
  into their individual components
• Some techniques used to separate mixtures are
  filtration, evaporation, simple distillation,
  fractional distillation, paper chromatography,
  and thin-layer chromatography.

4
Solubility

• Some mixtures may be separated on the basis of
  the solubilities of the components.
• Example a mixture of sugar and charcoal, the
  sugar will dissolve in water but the charcoal
  will not. You can then separate the charcoal by
  simple filtration and obtain the sugar by
  evaporating the water (hint hint).

5
Simple Filtration

• Simple filtration uses a gravity funnel and
  filter paper to separate components of mixtures.
• The insoluble component remains on the filter
  paper and the filtrate goes through the filter
  paper.

6
Procedure Notes

• Your mixture is composed of sodium chloride
  (salt) and sand.
• You need to determine the percentage of salt in
  your mixture.
• So, you need to devise a procedure to do so.

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Procedure Hints

• Always use distilled water to make solutions.
• Use their different solubilities to make a
  solution and then filter
• You should weigh the mixture before the
  separation

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Clean-up

• All chemicals may go in the trash can.
• All solutions may go down the drain.

9
Percent Error

• Percent Error determination
• (experimental value) (theoretical or literature
  value)? x 100
• (theoretical or literature
  value)