DATE: April 19

1
DATE April 19

• OBJECTIVE
• Describe four eating disorders
• Identify the two main types
• Recognize symptoms/ways to help
• WARM UP
• Check Your Knowledge
• JOURNAL
• Why do you think that more females suffer from
  eating disorders than males?

2
Eating Disorders
3
An Overview of Eating Disorders

• Two Main Types
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Share Strong Drive to be Thin
• Largely a Female Problem
• Largely a Westernized Problem
• Largely an Upper SES Problem
• Many Die as a Result!

4
Do I Have an Eating Disorder?

• I worry about gaining weight.
• I am preoccupied with losing weight.
• I frequently diet or feel the need to be on a
  diet.
• My mood depends on my weight (e.g., if I gain 1
  pound I am depressed, irritable, etc.)
• I feel bad about myself if I gain weight.

5
Do I Have an Eating Disorder?

• If I gain one pound, I worry that I will continue
  to gain weight.
• I think of certain foods as being either good
  or bad and feel guilty about eating bad
  foods.
• I use food to comfort myself.
• When I am eating I, at times, feel I have lost
  control.

6
Do I Have an Eating Disorder?

• I spend a significant amout of time thinking
  about food and when I will eat.
• I try to hide how much I eat.
• I have thought about (or have) self-induced
  vomiting as a means of weight control.

7
Do I Have an Eating Disorder?

• After eating, I may use laxatives, diuretics,
  exercise, etc. to prevent weight gain.
• I am dissatisfied with my body size and shape.
• I eat until I feel stuffed.

IS YOUR TOTAL gt 5??
8
The Nature of Bulimia Nervosa

• Clinical Description

• Binging
• Eat Large Amounts of Food
• Eating is Out of Control

• Compensatory Behaviors
• Purging via Self-Induced Vomitting
• Laxatives, Diuretics, Exercise

9
The Nature of Bulimia Nervosa

• Medical Consequences

• Salivary Gland Enlargement
• Eroded Dental Enamel
• Electrolyte (Mineral) Imbalance
• Intestinal Problems
• Calluses on Fingers and Hands

10
The Nature of Bulimia Nervosa

• Associated Features

• More Severe Form Purging Type
• Most Have Other DSM Disorders
• (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
  Disorders)
• Paradoxically
• Purging is an Inefficient Means to Reduce Weight
• A Closely Related Disorder
• Binge-Eating Disorder

11
The Nature of Bulimia Nervosa

• Facts and Statistics

• 90-95 are Women
• White Middle-to-Upper Middle Class
• Onset 16-19 Years of Age
• 6-8 College Women
• About 2.8 Population Overall
• Chronic if Left Untreated

12
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Clinical Description

• Morbid Fear of
• Gaining Weight
• Losing Control Over Eating

• Deliberate Weight Loss
• 15 Below Expected Normal
• Life-Threatening Consequences

13
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Two Subtypes

• Restricting Type
• Excessive Dieting

• Binge-Eating-Purging Type
• Rely on Purging
• About Half of All Cases
• More Impulsive Behavior

14
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Distorted Body Image

15
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Medical Consequences

• Amenorrhea
• Dry Skin
• Brittle Hair or Nails
• Sensitivity to Cold
• Lanugo
• Heart Problems
• Electrolyte Imbalance

16
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Associated Features and Facts

• Begins Early in Adolescence
• Perfectionistic High-Achievers
• All-or-None Thinking
• Obsessive and Orderly
• Comorbid DSM Disorders
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Substance Abuse

17
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Causes

• Social and Cultural Factors
• Thinness Equals Success
• Has Increased Over Time
• Media
• Sets Impossible Idealized Images

18
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Causes

• When Food is Restricted
• We Become Preoccupied With It!
• Media
• Sets Impossible Idealized Images

19
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Causes

• Family Influences
• Successful and Driven
• Concerned About Appearances
• Eager to Maintain Harmony
• Deny or Ignore Conflicts
• Lack of Open Communication

20
The Nature of Anorexia Nervosa

• Causes

• Biological Influences
• Runs in Families
• Unclear What is Inherited
• Psychological Influences
• Diminished Sense of Control
• Low Self-Esteem

21
The Treatment of Eating Disorders

• Psychosocial Treatments

• Bulimia Nervosa
• Education About Eating Behavior
• Scheduled Eating
• Alter Thinking About Shape, Eating, and Weight
• Treatment Works!

22
The Treatment of Eating Disorders

• Psychosocial Treatments

• Anorexia Nervosa
• Must Restore Normal Weight!
• Most Will Gain Weight (Easy)
• Keeping the Weight On (Hard)
• Treatment Similar to Bulimia
• Treatment Can Work!

23
Food For Thought
Are Eating Disorders
a Form of Addiction?
24
Food For Thought

• Severe Craving
• Loss of Control
• Used to Cope With Negative Feelings
• Preoccupied with Substance
• Unsuccessful Attempts to Quit
• Denial
• Adverse Psychosocial Consequences

25
PREVENTION POINTERS

• Learn to like yourself, just as you are
• Set realistic goals for yourself
• Ask for support and encouragement from friends
  and family when life is stressful
• Learn the basics of good nutrition and exercise

• If you want to lose weight, talk to a doctor or a
  professional, registered dietitian who
  specializes in weight control
• Seek adult help if you suspect you or a friend
  has an eating disorder problem