GOAL One

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United Nations Statistical Institute for Asia and
the Pacific (SIAP) Asian Development Bank
(ADB) Country Training Workshops on MDGs and Use
of Administrative Data Systems for Statistical
Purposes RETA6356 Improving Administrative Data
Sources for the Monitoring of MDGIs

• GOAL One
• MDGi (1.1 1.9)

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Headcount Index (P0)

• Definition
• Proportion/percentage of the population for whom
  consumption (or other indicator of welfare) is
  less than the poverty line
• Computed as

Where q number of people below poverty
line N total population
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Data for Mongolia
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Poverty Gap (PG) and PG Ratio (P1)

• Poverty gap
• Average, over all people, of the gaps between
  poor peoples living standards and the poverty
  line
• Indicates the average extent to which individuals
  fall below the poverty line (if they do)
• Poverty gap ratio
• Expresses the poverty gap as a percentage of the
  poverty line

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PG Ratio Mathematics

• Poverty gap ratio (P1) is
• Ratio of the Poverty Gap (PG) to the poverty line
  (z)
• PG expressed as a percentage of the line.
• Incidence x Poverty Gap

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PG Ratio Example

• Assume poverty line z125. What is the poverty
  gap index for the two countries?

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Share of Consumption of the Poorest

• Definition Total consumption/income of the
  poorest group, as a share of total
  consumption/income in the population.
• Where yi is per capita consumption/income
• N is the total population
• m is the number of individuals in the lowest x
  .

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MDGi (1.1-1.3) Comments

• Tips caveats
• Consumption data is usually used because of the
  difficulties in collecting accurate income.
• More information on expenditure, the higher it
  tends to be.
• Preferable to compute the 3 indicators from same
  dataset

• Common difficulties
• Inconsistencies in data coverage (surveys collect
  different baskets of goods at different
  times)-comparability
• Data quality
• Disaggregation to lower levels

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Data for Mongolia
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• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per person employed.
  
• Represents labour productivity. i.e. the amount
  of output (GDP) per unit of input (person
  employed).
• Computed as a ratio
• The numerator is the GDP,
• The denominator is the number of persons employed.

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 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed
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• Proportion of a countrys working-age population
  that is employed.
• Generally, computed as a ratio
• The numerator is the number of persons employed,
• The denominator is the population.

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1.5 Employment-to-population ratio
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• Gives a picture of the relationship between
  poverty and employment.
• Generally, computed as a ratio
• The numerator is the number of employed people
  living below 1 (PPP) per day,
• The denominator is the number of employed people.

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 1.6 Proportion of employed people living below
1 (PPP) per day
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• Provides a measure of the share of vulnerable
  employment.
• Generally, computed as a ratio
• The numerator is the sum of
• number of own-account workers (self-employed
  workers without employees),
• number of contributing family workers (who hold
  self-employment jobs in a market-oriented
  establishment operated by a related person living
  in the same household).

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• Continued.
• The denominator is the number of employed people.
• Self-employment jobs are jobs where the
  remuneration is directly dependent upon the
  profits derived from the goods and services
  produced.

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 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing
family workers in total employment
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• Percentage of children under five whose weight
  for age is less than minus two standard
  deviations from the median for the international
  reference population aged 0 to 59 months
• The reference population adopted by the WHO in
  1983 is based on children from the United States,
  who are assumed to be well nourished (the
  NCHS/WHO reference population).

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• Key Concepts
• Child malnutrition, as reflected in body weight,
  is selected as an indicator for several reasons.
  
• Monitored more closely than adult malnutrition
• Can affect health in later life
• May be taken as an indicator of malnutrition in
  the population

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• Method of Computation
• For each age group in the NCHS/WHO table of child
  weights, the weights of national child population
  are compared with the weights given in the table.
• The percentages of children whose weights are
  more than two standard deviations less than the
  median are then aggregated to form the total
  percentage of the children under 5 who are
  underweight.

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Data for Mongolia
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more measures..
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data for sub-populations
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• Percentage of population whose food intake falls
  below the minimum level of dietary energy
  requirements
• Prevalence of undernourishment
• Percentage of population that is undernourished

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• Key Concepts
• Distribution of the dietary energy consumption
  among the population
• Considering total food availability and
  inequality in access to food
• Application of an estimated minimum for energy
  requirements.
• Measure of food insecurity

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• Method of Computation
• Prepared by FAO at national level and aggregated
  to get regional and global estimates
• Distribution of dietary energy consumption is
  modeled as lognormal function
• Minimum energy requirement level or cut-off point
  is estimated as a population per capita average
  value

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Mongolia targets for Goal-1
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Mongolia target 3
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Mongolia target 4