More TCP/IP Protocols

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More TCP/IP Protocols

• Chapter 6 Lecture 2

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HTTP

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• Allows text, graphics, multimedia to be
  downloaded from an web server
• HTTP clients web browsers
• Uses UDP
• URL uniform resource locator
• HTML scripting language for web pages

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HTTPS

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
• Employs secure socket layers
• SSL an added protocol layer between HTTP and
  the Transport layer
• Encrypts information transmitted between clients
  (Netscape and Microsoft) and web servers.
• Web servers
• Apache
• Microsoft IIS

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Telnet

• Terminal emulator
• Sessions opened on a remote host
• Allows user to access applications and data on
  the host computer. Use the host for processing.
• Authentication required
• Uses TCP.

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ICMP

• Internet Control Message Protocol
• Message control and error reporting between host
  and server
• Works with IP
• Tracert and Ping are two of the most commonly
  used ICMP network management tools.

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ARP

• Address Resolution Protocol
• Allows a device that knows a destinations IP
  address but doesnt know the destinations MAC
  address to find it.

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NTP

• Network Time Protocol
• Synchronize computer clock times of all computers
  in the LAN.

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Network Services

• DHCP/BOOTP
• DNS
• NAT/ICS
• WINS
• SNMP

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DHCP

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• A server is set up with this service to
  dynamically assign IP addresses to hosts.
• Scope the range of IP addresses from which the
  DHCP server assigns addresses
• Lease the amount of time which the server
  assigns IP address to the host
• Reservation an IP address is reserved for a
  particular host
• Not platform dependent

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DHCP Advantages Disadvantages

• Eliminates manual configuration for each host
• Eliminates duplicate IP addresses (human error)
• Eliminates need to reconfigure if the host is
  moved
• Increases traffic (disadvantage)
• DHCP server must be installed and configured.
  (disadvantage)

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BOOTP

• Older protocol to automatically assign IP
  addresses to hosts.
• DHCP was modeled after BOOTP.

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DNS

• Domain Name Service
• Requires a server configured as a DNS server
• Resolves hostnames to IP addresses
• Example www.yorktech.com is 172.16.2.11
• HOST file contained names and aliases matched
  to IP addresses manually configured
• DDNS allows automatic additions of host names
  to IP addresses
• Platform independent

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DNS Namespace

• Hierarchical structure with logical divisions of
  domains

EDU
COM
GOV
JP
Winthrop.edu
IBM.COM
DOC.gov
Google.co.jp
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NAT

• Network Address Translation
• Allows many computers to connect to the Internet
  through one connection
• Static server configured with an IP address
• External IP address(es) may be within the
  official network IP address
• Internal IP addresses used by nodes may be
  private addresses
• Dynamic server assigns IP addresses from a
  range to be used by hosts as they request web
  access

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ICS

• Windows version of NAT
• Lacks security

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SNMP

• Simple Network Management Protocol
• Facilitates network management it isnt a
  network management system (NMS) itself
• NMS is a special software
• Requires two modes
• Manager software
• Agent software
• Ability to monitor and manage hardware over a WAN

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IP Version 6

• Uses 128-bit addresses
• Greater number of IP addresses.
• Eight octets in Hexadecimal format
• Example 52DF7E2263F221AACBD4D77eCC21554F
• Other features
• Smaller headers (lower overhead)
• Packet labeling (prioritization)
• Improved authenticity/security