Table 41

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Table 4-1
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Components of the Eukaryotic Cell

• Membrane already discussed
• Cytoskeleton already discussed

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm cytosol organelles
• Cell wall or ECM

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Nucleoid
Nucleus

• Nuclear Envelope with pores
• Nucleolus ribosome production
• DNA chromatin vs. chromosomes

4
Mitochondria

• Number in cell proportional to energy needs
• Cristae matrix
• DNA ribosomes

5
Chloroplasts

• Large (5-10mm)
• Thylakoids, grana, stroma
• DNA ribosomes
• Other types of plastids (amyloplasts,
  chromoplasts)

6
Endosymbiont Theory

• Size
• Own DNA and circular, no histones
• Own ribosomes and their structure
• Metabolic processes
• Multiple membranes with inner membrane lipids

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Rough (flattened sacs) smooth (tubes)
• Attached to nuclear envelope
• Cisternae lumen
• Rough ribosomes for protein synthesis
• Smooth lipid synthesis detoxification

8
Golgi complex

• Membrane stacks, cisternae
• Processing packaging of proteins (secretory
  membrane)
• Cis Trans sides

Secretory Vesicles
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Peroxisomes
Lysosomes

• Make Degrade H2O2
• Catalase
• Long chain fatty acids toxins
• Oxygen regulation

• Hydrolases
• Digestion or organics
• Bud off of Golgi

10
Vacuoles

• Animals small transient, often many
• Plants large, permanent

11
Ribosomes

• No membrane RNA protein
• Large small subunits
• Different sized units
• Eukaryotes 80S (60S 40S)
• Prokaryotes 70S (50S 30S)

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Outside the Plasma Membrane

• Cell Walls Bacteria, Plants, Fungi, some
  Protists (primary secondary cellulose,
  peptidoglycan, lignin)
• Extra-cellular Matrix for Animal and some
  Protists (collagen fibers, proteoglycans)
• Plasmodesmata, gap junctions, tight junctions