Bio 348 Human Anatomy

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Bio 348 Human Anatomy Physiology

• Janice Lapsansky
• Office hours MW 9-11 by appt, BI 305
• Email janice.lapsansky_at_wwu.edu
• phone x7337

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Levels of Organization

• Chemical
• Cellular
• Tissue
• Organs
• Organ System
• Organism

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Overarching Themes(How do we know something is
alive?)

• Living things are
• composed of a single cell or a group of cells
• AT LEAST physical and chemical machines
• respond to short term changes in their
  environment
• grow and reproduce
• adapt to long term changes in their environment
  through natural selection

For a review of the chemistry of life, and cell
structure and function, study the slide sets
posted on the course web page.
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The Boundary Organ Concept
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Homeostasis of Body Fluids

• Separation of fluid compartments
• intracellular fluid (ICF) within cells
• extracellular fluid (ECF) outside cells
• intercellular fluid tissue fluid interstitial
  fluid
• plasma fluid portion of blood, part of ECF
• Composition of fluids change as substances move
  between compartments
• nutrients, oxygen, ions and wastes move in both
  directions across capillary walls

Practice these terms! Always confusing!
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Differential Distribution of Solutes in the ICF
and ECF
An estimated ___ of cytoplasmic ATP is used to
run the Na-K pump in most human cells.
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How is this (homeostasis) controlled?
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Components of Feedback Loop

• Receptor
• monitors a controlled condition
• Control center
• determines next action
• Effector
• receives directions from the control center
• produces a response that changes the controlled
  condition

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Eg. Homeostasis of Blood Pressure

• Pressure receptors in walls of certain arteries
  detect an increase in BP
• blood Pressure force of blood on walls of
  vessels
• Brain receives input and signals heart and blood
  vessels
• Heart rate slows and arterioles dilate (increase
  in diameter)
• BP returns to normal

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Eg.Positive Feedback during Childbirth

• Stretch receptors in walls of uterus send signals
  to the brain
• Brain releases hormone (oxytocin) into
  bloodstream
• Uterine smooth muscle contracts more forcefully
• More stretch, more hormone, more contraction etc.
• Cycle ends with birth of the baby decrease in
  stretch