451418 Land Adminstration

1
451-418 Land Adminstration
Lecture 9



Spatial Data Infrastructure
SDI
Abbas Rajabifard
2 May 2000
2
Overview

• Definition of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
• Nature and the hierarchy of SDIs
• Issues of SDI development
• Australian Perspective on SDIs
• Overview of PCGIAP
• Definition of a Regional SDI (APSDI)

3
Spatial Data
- spatial data/information is one of the most
critical elements underpinning decision making
for many disciplines,
- an estimated 90 of all information used by
government has geo-spatial characteristics or
attributes,
- 70-80 cost of any GIS project spend for data
collection, maintenance,...
- the same data sets will be collected by
different agencies again and again.
4
Getting a Rapid Return On All Your Information
Using New Technologies
Total Cost of Data and Information
Value of information
GPS
Knowl. economy
Internet
e-Government

e-Business
Cost
Value
Time
5
What is SDI?

• A Definition

• Also called
• Geospatial Data Infrastructure,
• Geographic Data Infrastructure, or even
• Geospatial Information Environment
• (in Victoria)

6
Components of a SDI
People
Fundamental Data Set
Policy
Standards
SDI
Access Network
...necessary for the effective collection,
management, access, delivery and utilisation of
spatial data in a specific community.

7
Nature of SDI Components
Dynamic
8
Significance of SDIs

• support integrated decision making for
  substantial and sustainable development in both
  the developed and developing countries of the
  world,
• reduce duplication-cost and efforts,
• provide better data for decision making,
• support new business processes/create new
  business opportunities in geospatial information
  industry.

9
Nature of SDI
10
Hierarchy of SDI
Less detailed data
Global SDI
Global Planning
Regional SDI
Regional Planning
National Planning
National SDI
State SDI
State Planning
Local Planning
Local SDI
Corporate SDI
More detailed Data
The success of developing any type of SDIs,
heavily depends to on dividuals realising the
need to cooperate with each other
11
Different views of the Hierarchy of SDI
Building Block View
Umbrella View
12
Spatial Hierarchy of different Fundamental Data
Sets
13
A Continuum of SDI development
14
Current SDI Initiatives
Global Level Global Spatial Data Infrastructure
(GSDI), 1996

• Regional Level
• Asia-Pacific Spatial Data Infrastructure (APSDI),
  1995
• European Geospatial Information Infrastructure
  (EGII), 1995
• Spatial Data Infrastructure for Americas, 1999
• African SDI, 2000

15
Current SDI Initiatives
National Level

• Indonesia Bakosurtanal/NGIS 1993
• Iran NSDI/NGIS 1995
• Malaysia NaLIS feasibility study 1994
• Korea NGIS 1995
• Japan NSDI 1995
• Canada CGDI 1996
• Britain NGDF 1996

• Australia ASDI 1986
• USA FGDC/NSDI 1990
• Qatar NCGIS/NGIS 1990
• Portugal CNIG/SNIG 1990
• Netherlands Ravi/NGII 1992

State Level Victorias Geospatial Environment
16
Common Features of NSDIs

• Explicitly national
• Refer to geographic information, geospatial data
  or land information
• Use terms such infrastructure, systems or
  framework

17
Two Position On SDIs

• a product position (linked) database(s)
• a process position strategy required to manage
  information assets

18
Five Perspectives of SDI

• Depending on different respective mandates and
  objectives, individuals or interest groups within
  stakeholder organisations may justify, design,
  implement and evaluate infrastructure-building
  efforts from one or several of five different
  perspectives
• data-driven
• technology-driven
• institutional
• market-driven
• application-driven

19
Issues of SDI development

• Stakeholders
• Major Challenges
• balance the needs of the have and the have not
• Obstacles
• Organisational models
• Envisioned Tasks of a SDI Coordinating Agency

20
Obstacles

• Technical issues
• lack of data, standards, metadata, search
  engines, communication network/bandwidth
• Economic/financial issues
• cost sharing
• Social/institutional/organisational issues
• awareness, education, pricing, security, freedom
  of access
• Political/legal issues
• sensitive data, intellectual property

21
Success Factors

• Think Big, Start Small, Scale Fast, Deliver
  Value
• Awareness of value of GI and SDI, particularly
  that of the Politicians
• Emphasize simplicity and completeness
• Knowledge about the type, location, quality and
  ownership of data

22
Success Factors

• Integrate public and private spatial services
• Share everything--data, content, infrastructure
• Create meaningful public-private partnerships
  around standards
• The successful widespread use of the data sets

23
Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure ASDI
Australia New Zealand Land Information Council
Inter-governmental Committee on Surveying
Mapping
Public Sector Mapping Agencies
24
ASDI

• Coordinated by ANZLIC (Australia New Zealand Land
  Information Council)
• Objectives
• To provide fundamental land and geographic
  information infrastructure needed to support
  economic growth
• To provide national standards and guidelines on
  the use of geographic data
• To maximise community access to spatial
  information
• To support development of the Australian and New
  Zealand spatial information industry
• To strengthen the spatial information
  organisational framework

25
Public Sector Mapping Agencies Australia
26
Strategic Overview

• PSMA Success Factors 1993 - 1997
• Integrated national data set
• Provides access to 9 Agencies data
• Minimal bureaucracy - low overheads
• Enthusiastic executive, board, jurisdictions,
  staff
• Strong communication - regular board meetings
• High quality spatial data
• Defined data access and pricing policy
• Innovation and responsiveness
• Directed to get on with the job
• Era of greater spatial awareness and GIS
• Strong technical support from the LIC

27
Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for
Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP) PCGIAP operates
under, and reports to, the UNRCC-AP. It was
established as a result of a Resolution of the
triennial meeting of the Conference in Beijing,
May 1994.
28

• Overview of PCGIAP
• 55 member Nations from Asia-Pacific (as defined
  by the UN)
• Member nations are represented on the Permanent
  Committee by directorates of national survey and
  mapping organisations and or equivalent national
  agencies.
• Executive Board (10 members)
• Annual meeting
• Malaysia 1995, Australia 1996, Thailand 1997
  (conjunction with 14th UNRCC), Iran 1998, China
  1999, Malaysia 2000 (conjunction with 15th
  UNRCC),

29
Structures and Meetings UNRCC-AP
PCGIAP Executive
Board Working Groups
30
Aims To maximize the economic, social and
environmental benefits of geographic information
in accordance with Agenda 21 by providing a forum
for nations from Asia and the Pacific to a.
cooperate in the development of a Regional SDI
b. assist member nations in development of
NSDI c. contribute to the development of the
Global SDI d. share experiences and consult
on matters of common interest e.
participate in any other form of activity such as
education, training, and technology
transfer.
31
Asia-Pacific Spatial Data Infrastructure (APSDI)
The PCGIAP's vision for the APSDI is of a
network of databases, located throughout the
region, that together provide the fundamental
data needed to achieve the regions economic,
social, human resources development and
environmental objectives.
32
A Model for the APSDI The PCGIAP has developed
a spatial data infrastructure model that
comprises four core components - Institutional
framework, - Technical standards, - Fundamental
data sets, and - Access networks
33
Thank you