Dia 1

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Developmental Approach
the International Federation for Information Proce
ssing
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ifip
Evolutionary prototyping
Criteria of quality
Maturity
Personal level
Organisation level
Societal level
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The e-Change puzzle
Source Raymond Morel. Ministry of Education,
Geneva
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Dealing with the e-Change puzzle
How to hit a moving target?
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Dealing with the e-Change puzzle
By moving with it!
Evolutionary approach
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Dealing with the e-Change puzzle
The Deming-cycle Plan-Do-Check-Act ? Reflect
Evolutionary approach
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Evolutionary proto-typing
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Evolutionary proto-typing

• Success factors in prototyping
• Reduction of development time
• Reduction of development costs
• User involvement
• Concrete user feedback
• Facilitates full solution implementation since
• users already know what to expect.
• Results in higher user satisfaction.
• Exposes potential future solution enhancements

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Evolutionary proto-typing
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Evolutionary proto-typing

• Risk factors in prototyping
• Can lead to insufficient analysis.
• Users expect the performance of the prototype to
  
• be the same as the ultimate solution
• Can cause unfinished solutions

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Evolutionary proto-typing
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Evolutionary proto-typing

• Keep It Simple
• Make it flexible and extensible
• Fast is better than slow re-use available
• knowledge
• With a little forethought a prototype aimed at
• one question can become a framework for
• answering others
• Customers may well want to extend the
• implementation phase of the project if they
• feel that an extended prototype is able to
• answer a new range of questions
• Choose a familiar and productive
• implementation environment

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Evolutionary proto-typing

• Reuse
• At a project's end, prototypes should be
• evaluated to identify lessons learned and
• opportunities for reuse
• A properly designed prototype anticipates reuse
• opportunities its value can extended, across
• multiple projects
• Reduce
• Develop prototypes in environments that provide
• maximum administrative support with minimum
• constraints
• Prototypes focus on real-world problems, but are
  
• sized "just right" to provide developers and
  users
• with ample education

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Evolutionary proto-typing

• Re-use knowledge
• Insist on a design validation process, or at
  least
• in-house demonstration and discussion of the
• prototypes used to both tap and enhance user
• knowledge
• Insist on quality reviews developers can
  benefit
• from the knowledge and experience of other
• experts in both strategy and implementation
• Recycle
• With a little effort and foresight, your
  prototypes
• can be flexible and lasting tools that bridge
  the
• communication gap with your customers and
• extend your skills across multiple projects

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ifip
Evolutionary prototyping
Criteria of quality
Maturity
Personal level
Organisation level
Societal level
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Evolutionary proto-typing Quality criteria
Actions of the developer I The actions are
performed in a professional way Result effective
(lead to the specified result) Knowledge
effective (effective use is made of available
knowledge) Efficient (with respect to
time, resources and energy invested) Responsible
(sustainable, safe and ethical) The
actions are performed in a transparent
way Complete (follow the agreed working
method) Reconstructable (can at a later time
still be followed) Communcative (are
communicated in clear way)
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Evolutionary proto-typing Quality criteria
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Evolutionary proto-typing Quality criteria
Actions of the developer II The actions are
performed in a logical way Sound reasoning (the
actions are based on sound reasoning) Relevant
(no irrelevant arguments are used) The actions
are performed in a reliable way Flawless (not
influenced by flaws in tools or techniques
used) Timeless (not influenced by the moment in
time when they are performed) Pressureless
(not influenced by external pressures from
persons or organisations)
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Evolutionary proto-typing Quality criteria
Results produced by the developer The results
delivered are adequate Effective (result indeed
is solution to the problem posed sub-problems
effectively solved) Integrated (result fits the
context of use) Durable (result is safe,
ethical and sustainable in time) The results
delivered are valid Accepted (result is
accepted in the context of use) Acceptable
(result is acceptable in wider problem
domain) Underpinned (result is based on sound
conceptual reasoning) Explained (result has been
logically explained)
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Evolutionary proto-typing Reflect against quality
criteria
Can you improve performance?
Quality criteria for actions Plan, Do, Check,
Reflect
Quality criteria for results
Can you improve results?
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Evolutionary proto-typing Reflect and Review with
experts
How to improve performance?
Quality criteria for actions Plan, Do, Check,
Reflect
Review
Quality criteria for results
How to improve results?
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ifip
Evolutionary prototyping
Criteria of quality
Maturity
Personal level
Organisation level
Societal level
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Reproductive do
as you are told Executive perform a defined
task Tactical solve a defined problem Strategic
deal with a fuzzy situation
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Tied to PDCR-cycle
performance
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Tied to PDCR-cycle
performance
The reproductive PCDR-cycle
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Tied to PDCR-cycle
performance
The task based PCDR-cycle
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Tied to PDCR-cycle
performance
The problem based PCDR-cycle
The situation based PCDR-cycle
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Maturity Personal level
Levels of personal maturity Tied to PDCR-cycle
performance
Concentric working/learning career Moving
performance from Reproductive via
Executive via Tactical to Strategic
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ifip
Evolutionary prototyping
Criteria of quality
Maturity
Personal level
Organisation level
Societal level
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Maturity Organisation level
Critical areas of organisational development Key
success factors Technology support Results
Orientation Customer Focus Leadership and
Constancy of Purpose Management by Processes and
Facts Continuous Learning, Innovation and
Improvement People Development and
Involvement Partnership Development Corporate
Social Responsibility
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Maturity Organisation level
Critical areas of organisational development Key
success factors Technology support Results
Orientation Customer Focus Leadership and
Constancy of Purpose Management by Processes and
Facts Continuous Learning, Innovation and
Improvement People Development and
Involvement Partnership Development Corporate
Social Responsibility
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Maturity Organisation level
Maturity levels I Emerging Organisation in
beginning stages of learning organisation
development Leadership and professionals just
starting new ways of organising work Organisation
is still firmly grounded in traditional
practice Applying Organisation has understanding
of new ways of organising and working Leadership
and professionals use new approaches for
traditional tasks Leadership is still firmly
traditional
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Maturity Organisation level
Maturity levels II Integrating Organisation is
applying new ways of working in management,
administration and in primary activities Leadershi
p and professionals explore new ways to enhance
personal productivity and professional
practice Transforming Organisation used
experiences to creatively rethink and renew own
organisation Learning and knowledge production
are integral though invisible part of daily
personal productivity and professional practice
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Maturity Organisation level
Maturity in critical areas of organisational
development
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ifip
Evolutionary prototyping
Criteria of quality
Maturity
Personal level
Organisation level
Societal level
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness
Indicators 1. Connectivity and technology
infrastructure Weight in overall score 20 2.
Business environment Weight in overall score
15 3. Social and cultural environment Weight in
overall score 15 4. Legal environment Weight
in overall score 10 5. Government policy and
vision Weight in overall score 15 6. Consumer
and business adoption Weight in overall score
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Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness
Indicators 1. Connectivity and technology
infrastructure Broadband penetration broadband
affordability mobile-phone penetration Internet
penetration PC penetration WiFi hotspot
penetration Internet security electronic ID 2.
Business environment Overall political
environment macroeconomic environment market
opportunities policy toward private enterprise
foreign investment policy foreign trade and
exchange regimes tax regime financing labour
market.
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness
Indicators 3. Social and cultural
environment Level of education level of Internet
literacy degree of entrepreneurship technical
skills of workforce degree of innovation 4.
Legal environment Category criteria
Effectiveness of traditional legal framework
laws covering the Internet level of censorship
ease of registering a new business
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness
Indicators 5. Government policy and
vision Government spend on ICT as a proportion of
GDP digital development strategy egovernment
strategy online procurement 6. Consumer and
business adoption Consumer spending on ICT per
capita level of e-business development level of
online commerce availability of online public
services for citizens and businesses
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness the gap is closing
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness the gap is closing
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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Maturity Societal level
E-readiness the gap is closing
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007) The 2007
e-readiness rankings. Raising the bar
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the International Federation for Information Proce
ssing