CANEUS2004

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JAXA Activities on Micro-Nano Technology
Norimitsu KAMIMORI, Fumio IMAI, Junichiro
ISHIZAWA, Kazuyuki MORI Institute of Space
Technology and Aeronautics (ISTA), Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
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• Contents
• Introduction
• Practical Examples in JAXA
• (1) MW CNT/Polyimide Composites
• (2) Carbon Nanofiber (CNF)
• (3) 3-D photonic crystal growth in micro-g
• (4) Smart material for micro-machine
• (5) Electrochemical Super Capacitor
• Summary

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• Introduction

• In Japanese Science and Technologies,
• Micro/Nano Technology is in major
  priorities
• (IT, Life, Environment, and
  Nano-Technology).
• In JAXA,
• Micro/Nano Technology is in trial phase.
• ISAS and ISTA researchers have taken
  efforts

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• Practical Examples in JAXA

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(1) MW - CNT/Polyimide Composites

• RD Item Triple A Polyimide (Tri-A PI) .
• (Amorphous, Asymmetric,
  Addition type)
• Tri-A PI is expected to be an innovative polymer
  
• from its good fluidity and thermostability
  
• 
  (Tggt573K).
• Potential Application
• Nose-Cone of reusable space launch vehicle

Cf. Ogasawara, T., Ishida, Y. and Yokota, R.,
Characterization of multi-walled carbon
nanotube/phenylethynyl terminated polyimide
-composites, Composites, Part A, 35 pp.67-74,
2004.
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MW - CNT
MW-CNT was chosen because of its availability
and low cost. (SW-CNT costs high for
composite use.)
MW-CNTs (FT-grade, CNRI Inc., Japan) Synthesized
by CVD process. Diameters in the range of 20-100
nm. Average lengths of 1-100 mm. Highly
entangled and randomly oriented.
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Test Result

Properties of the MW-CNT/Tri-A PI Composites
CNT (wt) CNT (vol) Tg (K) E (GPa) suts (MPa) emax () s0.2 (MPa)
Sample-A 0 0 608 2.84 115.6 7.6 69.8
Sample-B 3.3 2.3 612 3.07 99.5 4.0 80.5
Sample-C 7.7 5.4 623 3.28 97.6 3.6 84.6
Sample-D 14.3 10.3 630 3.90 95.2 2.6 92.6
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(2) Carbon Nanofiber (CNF)

• Cup Stack Nanofiber (CSNF) by CVD Method
• produces by GSI Creos Corporation,
  JAPAN

CARBERE
Schematic Illustration Large Hollow Core,
Relatively Longer Portion of Open Edges
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Summary of Test Results

• Strength of CFRP using CSNF resin(3 phases)
• (Normalized by CFRP using non CSNF Resin
  Strengths)

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(3) Oversized 3-D photonic crystal growth
in micro-gravity

• On the ground test, Convection and Strain
  disturb crystallization
• Micro-g is best environment for Colloid
  crystallization

Particle size ca.100nm Autonomy by means of
electrostatic-repulsive force, etc.
Cf. Optically Tunable Gelled Photonic Crystal
Covering Almost the Entire Visible Light
Wavelength Region., Y.Iwayama, J.Yamanaka,
Y.Takiguchi, M. Takasaka, K.Ito, T. Shinohara, T.
Sawada, and M. Yonese, Langmuir 19, 977 (2003)
Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Using Colloidal
Particles., K.Ito, Space material forum in
Nagoya(2003)
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Test Schedule

• Autumn, 2005
• 1st experiment in SM/ISS.
• SummerAutumn, 2006
• 2nd experiment in SM/ISS.
• Now
• Preparing experiment (developing experimental
  apparatus)

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(4) Smart material for micro-machine
Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) for space use.
? High durability against space environments.
High reliability of shape recovery. SMP has
good processability. ? Design flexibility
molding cutting heat-sealing SMP has
possibility to miniaturize and simplify actuators.
Example )
Heat
SMP screws are manufactured by MHI
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Concept of SMP micro-machine
To maintain precise performance and stiffness,
the Tg of SMPs should be above the temperature of
the SMP structure in orbit.
Now, manufacturing trial models
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SMPs Compared with Shape Memory Alloys
Shape Memory Polymers Shape Memory Alloys
Recovery volume 400500 7
Recovery power Small Large
Density 1 g/cm3 6.5 g/cm3
Workability Good (Thermoplastic) Poor
Resistance to space environment Low High
Cost 50 /kg 1000 /kg
TRC report(1995)
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Resistance of FR-SMP against UV,EB,AO
Changes in the storage modulus of FR-SMP
Small effects of irradiation.
(UV,EB,AO) Irradiated samples curve closely
match that of the unirradiated
sample. Irradiated samples satisfy the
conditions of having good shape memory properties.
Change in storage modulus of FR-SMP as a
function of irradiation.
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(5) Electrochemical Super Capacitor
JAXA is developing Double Layer Capacitor. ?
Long storage period. ? High cycle of
charge-discharge performance. Focused on long
storage period at low temperature. Mounted on
MINERVA. (Robot lander carried by
HAYABUSA, lunched at 2004.5)
Needs to increase surface area of
electrode for high electric capacity high
energy density Nano technology like CNT/CNF may
provide higher performance.
Now
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JAXAs plan at Double Layer Capacitor
2004 On-orbit demonstration
Power Supply with high durability
Nano Material
Nano material use at Electrode
Evaluate commercial technology
Mounted on MINERVA. -50F capacitor. -Long
storage period -against high/low Temp.
Evaluate 5000F capacitor. Nano materials provide
higher electric capacity / higher energy density.
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• Summary

• In coming 2-3years Trial phase and evaluation
• Partnership with Private Company and Univ.
• Promotion of International Cooperation
• Increase actual budget in coming years