Biology 111

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Biology 111

• An Introduction and Brief History of Microbiology

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Initial microbiologists and references to same

• Thucydides--The Plague of Athens-430-429 BC
• Other epidemics in early times, but little
  information
• Fracastoro--invisible organisms cause disease
  (syphilis epidemic). French king Charles VIII
  invades Italy.

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Next steps

• Lens technology and development of the telescope
  and microscope
• Leeuwenhoek story. Technical expertise coupled
  with a great curiosity. Letters to the Royal
  Society of London for 50 years. Described all
  types of microbes and accurately recorded their
  appearance.

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And then

• Redi--experiments on meat and spontaneous
  generation
• Jenner--cowpox vaccination for smallpox
• Semmelweis--childbed fever work
• Snow--epidemiology, retrospective studies of
  cholera epidemic in London
• Pasteur--fermentations

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The great 19th century

• Pasteur--disproves spontaneous generation of
  microbes
• Lister--antiseptics in surgery
• Koch--anthrax is caused by B. anthracis
• Pasteur and Koch--more
• von Behring--antitoxins
• Ross--mosquitoes carry malarial parasite
• Reed--yellow fever is mosquito borne
• Ricketts-RMSF carried by ticks

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Last century

• Ehrlich develops chemotherapy for syphilis
• DHerelle and Twort--bacterial viruses
• Fleming--lysozyme and penicillin
• Domagk--sulfa drugs
• Lederberg amd Tatum--bacterial conjugation
• DNA structure discovery opens up molecular biology

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