Fiqh of Salat1 Part: Two

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Fiqh of Salat-1Part Two

• Taught by Hacene Chebbani

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The Times of the Prayer

• Praying at fixed Hours
• Allah (SWT) says Verily, prayer is enjoined on
  the believers at fixed hours 4/103
• This means that each prayer is to be performed at
  a fixed time and it is not permissible for anyone
  to perform it before or after its stated time
  under normal circumstances.

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Times of the Prayer

• Times of the Five Daily Prayers
• Dhuhr The time for it is from when the sun
  reaches its meridian until the shadow of an
  object is the same length as the object itself in
  addition to the initial shadow.
• Hadith of Jabir Stand up and pray. And so he
  prayed when the sun was at its meridianThen he
  came to him again on the next day for dhuhr
  prayer and said Stand up and pray. So he
  prayed when the length of an objects shadow was
  almost the same length as the object itself

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Times of the Prayer

• Calculation of Dhuhr Time in Modern Times
• Calculate the time between sunrise and sunset and
  then divide it by 2, the result is Dhuhr time.
• Dhuhr time for May 18, 2009 Sunrise at 542
  am/Sunset at 924 pm, total of hours 15 Hours
  and 42mn. Half is 7 hrs 51mn
• 5 hrs 42mn 7 hrs 51mn 12 h 93mn 1333
• 2.Asr Asr time begins when the time for Dhuhr
  ends. There two times for the end of Asr

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Times of Asr.

• The Preferred Time
• This lasts from the beginning of the time of Asr
  until the sun begins to turn yellow.
• The Prophet (pbuh) said The time of Asr lasts
  until the sun turns yellow (Muslim)
• The Time of Necessity
• It is from the time the sun turns yellow until
  sunset.
• Hadith Whoever prays one rakaat of Asr before
  the sun sets, he has caught up his Asr prayer
  (Bukhari/Muslim)
  
  

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What is the Time of Necessity?

• Necessity here refers to when a person is
  distracted from praying Asr on time or it is
  difficult for him to pray before the sun turns
  yellow.
• He is flying and hopes to reach his destination
  before sunset.
• Food is served and ready.
• He is sick or does not find water, and he
  strongly feels that water will be available
  before sunset, or due to other valid excuses.

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Time of Maghrib/Ishaa

• The time for Maghrib prayer begins with the
  disappearance of the sun and it lasts until the
  redness (twilight) disappears in the sky.
• Hadith The time of Maghrib prayer lasts until
  the redness of the sky has disappeared (Muslim)

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Times of Ishaa/Fajr Prayers

• The time of Ishaa prayer is from the
  disappearance of the redness in the sky until the
  middle of the night.
• Hadith The time of Ishaa prayer is until the
  middle of the night. (Muslim)
• The time of Fajr prayer is from the dawn until
  sunrise.
• Hadith The time for the morning prayer is from
  dawn and continues until sunrise. (Muslim).

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Important Notes.

• It is preferred to pray Dhuhr at the beginning of
  its time, unless it is too hot.
• It is preferred to pray Asr prayer promptly, as
  the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) used to pray Asr
  prayer while the sun was still high
  (Bukhari/Muslim).
• It is a serious sin to miss Asr prayer without
  any excuse, for Allahs Messenger (pbuh) said
  The one who misses Asr prayer, it is as if he
  has been deprived of his family and his property
  (Bukhari/Muslim)

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Important Notes

• 4. The one who delays Asr prayer until the sun
  has turned yellow without any excuse has
  committed a sin, as Allahs Messenger (pbuh)
  said That is the prayer of the hypocrite He
  waits until the sun has turned yellow and is
  between the two horns of shaytan, then he stands
  and prays four hasty rakaahs in which he
  remembers Allah but little (Muslim/others).

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Important Notes

• It is preferred to hasten Maghrib prayer and it
  is disliked to delay it, as Allahs Messenger
  (pbuh) said My people will continue to be fine,
  or upon the fitrah so long as they pray the
  sunset prayer before the stars appear (Abu
  dawood/others)
• It is disliked to sleep before Ishaa and to
  speak after it without necessity, as Allahs
  Messenger used to hate sleep before Ishaa and
  speech after it. (Bukhari/Muslim)

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Important Notes

• 7. It is preferred to offer Fajr prayer in its
  early time, as Aisha said The believing women
  used to pray the morning prayer with the
  Messenger of Allah (pbuh) and then return wrapped
  in their mantles. No one could recognize them due
  to the darkness. (Bukhari/Muslim)

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Important Notes

• Every prayer is caught, if one was able to
  perform one complete rakaa (Ruku and Sujood are
  completed).
• Hadith Whoever caught one rakah of Fajr prayer
  before sunrise has caught the morning prayer, and
  whoever caught one rakah of the Asr prayer
  before sunset has caught the Asr prayer.
  (Bukhari/Muslim)
• Second Hadith Whoever caught one rakah of the
  prayer has caught that prayer (Bukhari/Muslim)

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Times when it is Forbidden to Pray

• Uqbah bin Aamir said There are three times at
  which the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) forbade us
  from prayer or burying our dead 1- While the sun
  is rising, until it has completely risen (12 to
  15mn)
• 2- When the sun is exactly at its meridian,
  until it has passed that point. (Around 15mn
  before Zawaal).
• 3- While the sun is setting, until it has
  completely set (Muslim/others)

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Two other times.

• The hadith of Abee said al-khudri There
  should be no prayer after Asr prayer until
  sunset, and there should be no prayer after Fajr
  prayer until the sun rises (Bukhari/Muslim)
• What is the reason of prohibition?
• Regarding the two ends of the day for it
  rises/sets between the horns of shaytan, and that
  is when the disbelievers prostrate to it
• Regarding the middle of the day At that time
  stop praying, for this is the time when the
  Hell-fire is fed with fuel From the hadith of
  Amr bin Abasah in sahih Muslim.

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Exceptions at Certain Times and Places

• The prayer which is forbidden at the previously
  mentioned times is voluntary prayer, which is
  prayed without any valid reason. However, it is
  permissible to pray the following prayers
• When making up a missed prayer, whether
  obligatory or voluntary. The Hadith Whoever
  forgot a prayer should pray it when he remembers
  it (B/M)
• Second Hadith The prophet (pbuh) made up a
  sunnah prayer after Asr prayer.

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Exceptions of the Rule.

• After making ablution, at any time. Hadith the
  story of Bilal with the sunnah of ablution.
  during the day or night (B)
• Whenever we enter the Masjid. (The greeting of
  the Masjid) as we were commanded by the Prophet
  (pbuh) to pray two rakaahs before sitting.

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Exceptions of the Rule

• 4. If we are in the sacred Masjid of Makkah, we
  are allowed to pray at any time.
• O children of Abdi Manaaf! Do not prevent
  anyone from doing tawaaf around this house or
  from praying therein at any time of the day or
  night (Tirmithi/others)
• 5. Praying salatul-Al-istikhaarah for an
  emergency or an urgent matter.

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Exceptions of the Rule

• 6. Praying at zawaal time on Friday. The Hadith
  then prays as much as Allah has written for him
  and then remains silent while the Imam is
  delivering the khutbah, his sins between the
  present and the last Friday will be forgiven. (B)

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Another Time of Forbiddance

• It is prohibited to perform voluntary prayer once
  the Iqaamah has been called.
• The prophet (pbuh) said Once the iqaamah has
  been called, there is no prayer except the
  obligatory one. (M/others)
• Quit your voluntary prayer with proper salaam,if
  you are in the first rakaah, but finish your
  prayer quickly if you are in the second rakaah
  and then join the congregation.

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Places in which we are Forbidden to Pray

• The earth was made pure and a Masjid for the
  Ummah of Mohamed (pbuh). Excluded from this
  ruling, few places mentioned in the sunnah. They
  are
• Cemeteries and places with graves. Five days
  before he passed away, he (pbuh) said so do
  not take the graves as places of worship. I
  forbid you to do this. (M)
• The toilet All of the earth is a Masjid except
  the cemetery and the toilet (Tirmithi/Abu
  Dawood/others)

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Continued

• 3. Sitting Place of the camels. (Stables)
• Hadith Do not pray where the camels sit,
  (Abu Dawood)
• 4. Slaughtering houses, waste management places,
  busy streets, and on the top of the Kabah.
• Some scholars have mentioned these places based
  on a hadith in sunan ibn Majah.