The MentionCitation Sandwich Creating PARENTHETICAL CITATIONS

1
The Mention-Citation Sandwich
Creating PARENTHETICAL
CITATIONS
MLA Documentation

• and
• A Works Cited Page

2
Basic Document Format

• Double space everything
• Last name and page number on right margin of
  header
• Information at top of page one is standardized
  (your name, instructor name, class, date)
• Title is centered
• Works Cited page appears on separate page after
  the text is finished

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Sample First Page
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What is MLA?

• Modern Language Association
• Humanities
• Most 4-year college classes will use
• Other documentation styles
• Chicago Style
• APA
• Used by Social Sciences
• Most handbooks do cover APA
• Many other specialized
• Once you learn one, others easy to adapt
• All include citations within the text (or
  endnotes or footnotes) and some type of
  bibliography

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A Three-Pronged Attack

• Mention
• In the paper, you will introduce sources
• Get used to phrases like, According to.
• Citation
• Parenthetical citations signal the end of source
  material
• Works Cited Page
• Your book/handbook provides models

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Part 1 The Mention

• Come right out and say it!
• Use the authors full name and article or book
  title the first time.
• Authors last name thereafter.

• Sample
• According to Models for Writers by Alfred Rosa
  and Paul Eschholz, To describe is to create a
  verbal picture (343).
• Rosa and Eschholz go on to give an example
  written by Thomas Mann of a deli (343).

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Part 2 The Citation

• Sample
• According to Models for Writers by Alfred Rosa
  and Paul Eschholz, To describe is to create a
  verbal picture (343).
• Rosa and Eschholz go on to give an example
  written by Thomas Mann of a deli (343).

• What goes inside the parentheses will vary by
  what source you have.
• Print sources Authors last name and page number
  (Smith 25).
• Electronic sources wont have a page number
  (Smith).
• Anonymous articles or books abbreviation of the
  title Time for a Change would become (Time
  27) or (Time).

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The Citation refers the reader to the Works Cited
page for more info. That's why what goes in the
parentheses is whatever comes first in the entry
on the Works Cited list.
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The Mention-Citation Sandwich

• It is NOT ok to just have a citation at the end
  of a paragraph
• Implies that only the last sentence came from the
  source
• By starting with a mention and ending with a
  citation, you make it clear everything from point
  A to point B came from that same source
• Examples.

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The Mention-Citation Sandwich

• Incorrect
• The traditional Southern lady is the
  mistress of her husbands plantation and a
  symbol of lost virtue in that the Southern men
  hadnt been able to insure her safety during the
  Civil War..... A wifes vocation was to enhance
  the comfort, social status, and masculinity of
  her husband (Blackwelder 98).

• Correct
• In Ladies, Belles, Working Women, and Civil
  Rights, Julia Kirk Blackwelder offers a model
  of the traditional Southern lady she is the
  mistress of her husbands plantation and a
  symbol of lost virtue in that the Southern men
  hadnt been able to insure her safety during the
  Civil War.... A wifes vocation was to enhance
  the comfort, social status, and masculinity of
  her husband (98).

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Works Cited Page

• Purpose to give the reader the information
  necessary to find the source for him or herself.
• Contains all bibliographic information such as
  author, title, source, dates, etc.
• The information you will need includes
• Author, Title, Source, Date, Place/Publisher,
  Medium and sometimes more.

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Works Cited Rules

• Alphabetized by authors last name.
• If no author, the title is used.
• Double-spaced using hanging indent.
• Comes at the end of your paper but is part of the
  same document.

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Other Tidbits

• Capitalization of Titles
• Use initial capitalization even if the source you
  got it from does not! (Online sources are
  notorious for not following MLA rules.)
• Quotation Marks for Titles
• Magazine articles, songs, TV episodes, poems,
  stories, etc.
• Italics for Titles
• Books, CDs, TV shows, movies,
• journals, websites etc.

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Creating Entries

• All books textbooks which cover how to cite
  sources do so by example
• The LSCC Library has kindly provided a handout
  that gives samples based on our databases and
  other resources
• Also examine the sections in our textbooks that
  give samples of Works Cited entries.
• Use your handbook first!

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Computer Help with Works Cited

• When finished typing the paper itself, press
  Enter
• Go to the INSERT menu and insert a PAGE BREAK
• Center the phrase Works Cited
• Press ENTER, return to the Left Margin, and turn
  on Hanging Indent
• Use the Format/Paragraph Menu
• Can also use the Ruler

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Adding Source Material to Your Paper

• Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summary

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Quoting

• Word-for-word inclusion of information from a
  source.
• Indicated as a quote with quotation marks.
• When to use? When the original wording is
  particularly striking or important.
• Avoid over-using quotes, especially long quotes
  that will have to be indented.

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Paraphrasing

• More than just re-wording.
• Cannot have the same sentence structure.
• A statement wholly in your own words that
  captures information from a source.
• Will not use quotation marks, but will still
  indicate that a source is involvedmention/citatio
  n sandwich!

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Summarizing

• Similar to paraphrase in that summary is in your
  own words and does not mimic the structure of the
  original in any way.
• The difference is that summary boils something
  large into something smaller.
• A whole book could be summarized in one
  paragraph.
• A whole paragraph or essay might take up only one
  sentence.

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Clarity is Key

• How does your reader know what ideas are yours
  and what come from your sources?
• By using the Mention-Citation Sandwich, you will
  always make it clear where you end and where your
  sources begin.
• The following slide offers a sample from a
  research paper with the source areas inside the
  red mention-citations, and original material in
  blue.

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• One artist who has recently come under fire is
  Reggae performer Beenie Man. As Peter Baileys
  article Beenie Man Feels the Heat points out,
  Beenie Man is taking heat from gay activists
  for his violently homophobic lyrics (Bailey).
  Even if music like Beenie Mans doesnt make kids
  commit violent acts, you do have to wonder how
  appropriate it is for kids. OutRage President
  Peter Tatchell says, Were talking about
  someone who is saying you should burn gay people
  alive (Bailey). Clearly, such acts are not
  acceptable. Bailey goes on to discuss a criminal
  case currently pending against Beenie Man in
  England. There, it is illegal to use
  threatening words to incite violence (Bailey).

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Now What?

• Your mission..
• To successfully document sources in your Research
  Paper and any paper you ever write in which you
  get material from a source other than your brain
• The payoff.
• Your instructors will love you!
• You will never inadvertently plagiarize again!
• See your instructor or the Learning Center for
  extra help!

by Jacklyn R. Pierce
Original Content for Slides
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Working on the Works Cited Page
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Print Sources on the Works Cited Page
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Citing A One Author Book
Author Last, First. Title. City Publisher,
Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael. Bloody Sundays Inside the
Dazzling, Rough-and-Tumble World of the
NFL. New York William Morrow,
2003. Print.
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Citing A Two Author Book
Author Last, First and First Last. Title.
City Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael and Dan Jones. Bloody
Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-and-
Tumble World of the NFL. New York William
Morrow, 2003. Print.
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Citing A Three Author Book
Author Last, First, First Last, First Last.
Title. City Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael, James Smith and Dan Jones.
Bloody Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-
and- Tumble World of the NFL. New York
William Morrow, 2003. Print.
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Citing A Four or More Author Book
Author Last, First, et al. Title. City
Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael, et al. Bloody Sundays Inside
the Dazzling, Rough-and- Tumble World of
the NFL. New York William Morrow, 2003.
Print.
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Citing A One Editor Book
Author Last, First, ed. Title. City
Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael, ed. Bloody Sundays Inside
the Dazzling, Rough-and-Tumble World of the
NFL. New York William
Morrow, 2003. Print.
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Citing A Two Editor Book
Author Last, First and First Last, eds. Title.
City Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael and Dan Jones, eds. Bloody
Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-and-
Tumble World of the NFL. New York William
Morrow, 2003. Print.
31
Citing A Three Editor Book
Author Last, First, First Last, First Last, eds.
Title. City Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael, James Smith and Dan Jones, eds.
Bloody Sundays Inside the Dazzling,
Rough- and- Tumble World of the NFL. New
York William Morrow, 2003. Print.
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Citing A Four or More Editor Book
Author Last, First, et al., eds. Title. City
Publisher, Date. Medium.
Freeman, Michael, et al., eds. Bloody Sundays
Inside the Dazzling, Rough-and- Tumble
World of the NFL. New York William
Morrow, 2003. Print.
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Use the same format for naming authors and
editors in books, articles, and websites,
whenever the names are available.
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Citing Articles with Author
Author Last, First. Title of Article.
Periodical Date Page(s). Medium.
Freeman, Michael. Bloody Sundays Inside the
Dazzling, Rough- and-Tumble World of the
NFL. Sports Illustrated 20 Dec. 2005 224.
Print.
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Citing Articles with No Author
Title of Article. Periodical Date Page(s).
Medium.
Bloody Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-
and-Tumble World of the NFL. Sports
Illustrated 20 Dec. 2005 224. Print.
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Citing Article Dates
Weekly 20 Dec. 2005
Monthly Dec. 2005
Bimonthly Nov- Dec. 2005
Bloody Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-
and-Tumble World of the NFL. Sports
Illustrated 20 Dec. 2005 224. Print.
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Citing Articles with Volumes and Issues
Title of Article. Periodical Volume.Issue
(Year) Page(s). Medium.
Bloody Sundays Inside the Dazzling, Rough-
and-Tumble World of the NFL. Sports
Journal 22.3 (2005) 224. Print.
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Web Sources on the Works Cited Page
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E-Book
Author Last, First. Title. City Publisher,
Date. Source. Medium. Retrieved
Date.
Freeman, Michael. Bloody Sundays Inside the
Dazzling, Rough-and-Tumble World of the
NFL. New York William Morrow,
2003. NetLibrary. Web. 21 May 2009
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Magazine from a Database
Author Last, First. Title of Article.
Periodical Date Page(s). Source. Medium.
Retrieved Date.
Freeman, Michael. Bloody Sundays Inside the
Dazzling, Rough- and-Tumble World of the
NFL. Sports Illustrated 20 Dec. 2005 224.
Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 May
2009.

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Journal Article from a Database
Last, First. Title of Article. Periodical
Volume. Issue (Year) Page(s). Database.
Medium. Retrieved Date.
Freeman, Michael. Bloody Sundays Inside the
Dazzling, Rough- and-Tumble World of the
NFL. Sports Journal 22.3 (2005) 224.
Academic Search Complete. Web. 21 May 2009.

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Citing Documents on Websites
Title of Article. Name of Website. Date
of Last Update. Medium. Date Retrieved.
Surveillance Under the USA Patriot Act.
American Civil Liberties Union. 3 Apr. 2003. Web.
22 Apr. 2009.
Include authors or editors name before the
title if one is available. Generally, common
websites do not indicate an author.
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Are you still stuck?

• If you need more citation examples go to
  http//www.lscc.edu/library/citation.htm.
• For assistance from a librarian or tutor call

• Libraries
• Leesburg 352-365-3586
• S. Lake 352-536-2148
• Sumter 352-568-3074

• Learning Center
• Leesburg 352-365-3554
• S. Lake 352-536-2156
• Sumter 352-568-3074