VOLUMETRIC 3D DISPLAYS

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VOLUMETRIC 3D DISPLAYS
GROUP H
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Group Members

• Stephen Brown
• Pavel Bures
• George Brown
• Thomas Fields
• Vit Letal

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Introduction

• Images created occupy a true volume

• Imagery appears to float in the volume
• Imagery can be seen from a wide variety of angles
• No goggles are required
• More that one person can view the object in 3D

Perspecta - Actuality Systems
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Volumetric Display - Swept Volume

• 3D data set converted to 2D slices
• Flat screen rapidly rotates to sweep out a 3D
  volume
• Projection screen invisible to the viewer

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Volumetric 3D Display- Varifocal mirror

• mirrored membrane of varying optical power
• Problem - synchronization with CRT 2D display

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Swept Volume Examples
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Volumetric Display - Static Volume

• Displays a true 3D image
• Uses invisible laser technology (Infra red)
• Image made up of addressable Voxels (Volume
  Pixel)
• Voxel stimulated by intersecting lasers

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Static Volume - Examples
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Hardware - Perspecta implementation

• size min. 10 diameter image volume
• resolution
• slices per volume 198 slices
• pixels per slice 768 pixels x 768 pixels
• 100 million volume pixels (voxels)
• no. of colors
• undithered 8 (3-bit)
• dithered 2 million (21-bit)
• frame rate 24 Hz volume refresh
• graphics memory 3Gbit (66 Mhz DDR SDRAM)

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Software

• capable to connect to a standard workstation
  (Windows 2000 or Linux)
• easy integration into legacy applications
• molecular viewers
• battlefield visualization systems
• Perspecta Software Development Kit (SDK)
• software interface (HMESA) provides drawing
  methods similar to the OpenGL
• e.g. projecting CAD images, etc.

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Volumetric Displays - Problems

• Fail to provide some visual depth cues
• Occlusion
• Shading
• Texture Gradients
• Difficult to design
• Expensive

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Other Displays - Holographic

• One step further than autostereoscopic viewing
• Can be made images with microscopics resolutions.
• Creates real 3D image
• Occlusion is possible
• Texture Mapping
• Shading
• Uses monochromatic lasers gt images of one
  colour.
• Needed big computer power for true 3D animations.
• Only static images created so far.
• Produces images indistinguishable from real
  objects.

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Applications

• Air Traffic Control
• Submarine Navigation
• Medical Imaging
• US Army Research Labs
• CAD / CAM
• Scientific Visualisation

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Applications - Medical

• Molecular visualization, medical imaging. The
  display is expected to allow scientists to
  intuitively identify new drug targets and design
  new drugs more rapidly

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Applications CAD / CAM

• Computer-aided design, 3D design reviews,
  scientific visualization projection of
  multi-dimensional, complex data structures and
  graphs.

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Applications - military

• An example for an application that would benefit
  greatly from a true 3D representation is air
  traffic control.

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Applications - Games

• Entertainment3D play consoles are possible using
  this systems

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Summary

• Techniques enabling true reproduction of spatial
  images can tremendously improve the viewers
  ability to interpret data and to reliably
  determine distance, shape and orientation.

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The Future?
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• Support text for holograms, varifocal mirror.
  (Paul).
• Improve application section support text
  (George)
• Static volume pictures (Vitek)
• Problems - support text (Steve)
• Future and summary (Tom)
• Hardware and software - merge, cut-off (Vitek).