Automatic Dynamic Run-time Optical Network Reservations

1
Automatic Dynamic Run-time Optical Network
Reservations

• John R. Lange
• Ananth I. Sundararaj and Peter A. Dinda
• Prescience Lab
• Department of Computer Science
• Northwestern University
• http//plab.cs.northwestern.edu

2
Introduction

• Recently the Grid community has begun turning the
  network into a standard grid service
• Network and compute resources are still very
  different
• Requires in depth understanding of program
  behavior or targeted application development
• VRESERVE
• Enable unmodified applications to efficiently
  utilize reservation based networks without user
  intervention

3
Overview

• Reservations and Circuit Switching
• Optical Networking
• OMNInet and ODIN
• Virtual Machines
• Virtuoso
• Overlay Networking
• VNET and VTTIF
• Putting it all together
• VRESERVE
• Performance Evaluation

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Reservable Networks

• Generic Reservation API
• CreatePath(ltsrcIPgt, ltdstIPgt, ltbwgt, ltlatgt)
• TeardownPath(ltsrcIPgt, ltdstIPgt)
• Somebody or something has to make the API calls
• Circuit switching and network reservations are
  inherently linked
• Establishing a circuit is similar to reserving
  the network elements along a path

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Reservation Issues

• Parameter Values
• How does someone determine the required bandwidth
  and latency?
• Are the endpoints always evident?
• Highly parallel applications in a grid
  environment
• Migratable Virtual Machines
• Time
• What is the flow duration?
• What is the traffic behavior pattern?
• Applications often have cyclical behaviors
  (compute and send)

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Reservation Problems

• Complexity
• Someone has to call the reservation API
• Developer must incorporate API calls into
  application
• User must reserve network on applications behalf
• Efficiency
• Efficient reservations require understanding
  applications behavior and topology
• Networks usually reserved in spatial and temporal
  blocks
• Networks reserved to connect all hosts
• Networks reserved for entire execution time

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Optical Networks

• Recent advances in switching technology have
  brought renewed interest to the area
• Offer provisioning of dynamic lightpaths
• One of the latest incarnations of circuit
  switched networking
• Emergence of network reservation grid services
• Generating a large deal of interest in the high
  performance computing and grid communities
• NLR, Canarie, Netherlight
• OptIPuter

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OMNInet and ODIN

• OMNInet
• Experimental dynamically configurable optical
  network
• Provisionable wavelengths (lambdas)
• All-to-All topology
• Connects research centers in Chicago and Northern
  Illinois
• ODIN
• Reservation system for OMNInet
• Developed by iCAIR
• International Center for Advanced Internet
  Research
• Mambretti, J., Weinberger, J., Chen, J., Bacon,
  E., Yeh, F., Lillethun, D., Grossman, B., Gu, Y.,
  and Mazzuco, M. The photonic terastream Enabling
  next generation applications through intelligent
  optical networking at iGRID2002.

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ODIN

• Lightpath Reservation System
• Implements path discovery based on user supplied
  endpoints
• Also beginning to look at scheduling services
• Command line client interfacing with a trusted
  server
• Interface
• oclient -c ltsrcIPgt ltdstIPgt ltlambdagt ltflagsgt
• Path Creation
• oclient -t ltpathIDgt
• Path Teardown

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Potential Paths
http//www.dotresearch.org
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VirtuosoVirtual Machine marketplace

• Collection of remotely distributed VMs that
  appear to reside on the same LAN
• Provides many opportunities for optimization
• Adaptive overlay networks, VM migration, resource
  scheduling, etc
• A. Sundararaj, A. Gupta, and P. Dinda, Increasing
  Application Performance In Virtual Environments
  Through Run-time Inference and Adaptation
• HPDC 2005
• A. Sundararaj, M. Sanghi, J. Lange, P. Dinda, An
  Optimization Problem in Adaptive Virtual
  Environments
• (MAMA 2005), To Appear
• http//virtuoso.cs.northwestern.edu

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Data
Control
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VNET Virtual Networking for Virtual Machines

• Allows VMs to behave as if they were on the same
  LAN
• All remote VMs tunnel traffic to a central proxy
• Default star topology
• A. Sundararaj, P. Dinda, Towards Virtual Networks
  for Virtual Machine Grid Computing
• USENIX VM 2004

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Data
Control
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VTTIFApplication Topology Inference

• Extracts network topologies from application
  behavior
• Generates a global traffic matrix defining the
  global application network topology
• A. Gupta, P. Dinda, Inferring the Topology and
  Traffic Load of Parallel Programs Running In a
  Virtual Machine Environment
• Workshop on Job Scheduling Policies for Parallel
  Processing, 2004

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VADAPTOverlay Network Adaptation

• Modify virtual network to match actual network
  topology
• Creates overlay links between communicating VMs
• Based on global reduction of VTTIF matrices
• A. Sundararaj, A. Gupta, P. Dinda, Dynamic
  Topology Adaptation In Virtual Networks of
  Virtual Machines
• LCR 2004
• A. Sundararaj, A. Gupta, and P. Dinda, Increasing
  Application Performance In Virtual Environments
  Through Run-time Inference and Adaptation
• HPDC 2005

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Data
Control
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VRESERVENetwork Reservations for Overlay Networks

• Extension to VADAPT
• Allows true adaptation of the network
• Components
• Reservation API interface
• ODIN CLI
• Routing mechanism
• Address mapping service
• Path Discovery
• Depends on Reservation System functionality
• Allows for scheduled and delayed reservations
• Greatly increases usability for scheduler based
  reservation systems

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Optical Overlays

• VRESERVE routing is accomplished with VNET
  overlay links
• Issues
• Reservation based resources usually aimed at high
  performance
• Application unaware of changing network
  conditions
• TCP performance is typically poor in high
  performance networks
• Benefits
• Application unaware of changing network
  conditions
• Routing is much easier at the overlay level
• Network is capable of reacting to global state
  changes

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Fiber (MWUEN-4) length 5 miles
W Taylor
Host
10 GE
l
Photonic
1
PP
VM
10 GE
l
Node
2
8600
1 Gbps
l
Optera 5200 10Gb/s TSPR
3
l
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VNET
NWUEN-2
NWUEN-3
VTTIF VADAPT
Lake Shore
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Photonic
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8600
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VRESERVE
Internet
ODIN
NWUEN-8
NWUEN-9
NWUEN-4
S. Federal
Internet
10 GE
1 Gbps
Host
PP
Photonic
10 GE
8600
Node
VM
http//www.dotresearch.org
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Evaluation

• This is an existence proof
• Possible to automatically reserve network
  resources on unmodified applications behalf
• Caveats and Disclaimers
• Scalability is unknown
• Final performance measurements are also unknown
• Infrastructure issues prevented complete
  performance evaluations
• Only one functional optical link
• Network dismantled during experiments

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Optical Network Performance
Latency (ms)
Optical .321
Internet .498
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Initial VNET performance (optical Network)
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Performance Improvement(Synthetic BSP benchmark)
Demonstrable improvement by using automatic
reservations
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Making VNET faster

• Overlay links switched to UDP
• Reliable transport implemented in VM TCP stack
• 2x improvement
• Lookup table caching
• 3x improvement
• Future
• Memory mappings for packet operations
• In kernel forwarding
• Specialized VM device drivers

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VNET Performance (Round 2)

• No results on Optical Network
• Infrastructure unavailable
• Experiments conducted between cluster nodes w/
  gigabit Ethernet
• VNET performance only
• Reservation and adaptation systems unused
• Overheads insignificant

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VNET Performance(Gigabit switch)
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Future Work

• Where does this fit into the overall optimization
  problem?
• How do we define the overall optimization
  problem?
• Extension to other reservation systems, e.g. GARA

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Conclusion

• Networks are not generic grid services
• Middleware is required to make reservation
  networks usable
• VRESERVE
• Enable unmodified applications to effectively
  utilize reservation based networks without user
  intervention

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• Prescience Lab
• http//plab.cs.northwestern.edu
• Virtuoso
• http//virtuoso.cs.northwestern.edu
• DOT (Distributed Optical Testbed)
• http//www.dotresearch.org

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Optical Network Performance
Throughput (MB/sec)
Optical TTCP 79.48
Optical SCP 11.5
Internet TTCP 11.2
Internet SCP 10.4
Throughput
Latency (ms)
Optical Network .321
Internet .498