Internet Governance mainly IP address management in AP region

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Internet Governance - mainly IP address
management in AP region

• Yoshiko Okazaki Chong
• Communications Research Laboratory
• Information and System Networking Division
• Internet Architecture Group

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Internet AdministrativeStructure
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Internet Administration Structure
ISOC
IAB
ICANN
IRTF
IETF

IRSG
IESG
ARIN
RIPE NCC
APNIC
.
.
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(No Transcript)
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ICANN structure
Board of Directors (15) NomCom (8) GNSO(2),
ccNSO(2) ASO (2), CEO Liaison (6)
GAC
Nominating Committee
RSSAC
Ombudsman
SSAC
Independent Review Panel
ALAC
GNSO gTLD Registries Registrars Commercial and
Business Users Non-Commercial Users
Intellectual Property Internet Service and
Connectivity Providers Nominating Committee
ccNSO Not yet implemented
ASO RIR RIPE-NCC APNIC ARIN LACNIC
TLG LAB/ITU-T/ W3C/ETSI
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Abbreviation

• ALAC At-Large Advisory Committee
• ASO Address Supporting Organization
• CCNSO Country-Code Names Supporting
• Organization
• GAC Governmental Advisory Committee
• GNSO Generic Names Supporting Organization
• RSSAC Root-Server System Advisory Committee
• SSAC Security and Stability Advisory Committee
• TLG Technical Liaison Group

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Internet Resource Management
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Internet Address Registry structure
ICANN
IANA
ASO
APNIC
ARIN
RIPE NCC
LACNIC
NIR
LIR
LIR
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
LIR
LIR
LIR
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
ISP
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Structural problem

• RIRs have been responsible on Internet resource
  management past several years
• Current ICANN structure does not match up the
  situation on IP address management

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NRO (Number Resource Organization)

• All RIRs discussed about the current problems and
  agreed on establishing NRO as a representative of
  Internet Address Community
• RIRs sent an advice of NRO establishment to ICANN
  on Oct.31,2003

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APNIC region
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APNIC Overview

• What is APNIC?
• Regional Internet Registry
• APNIC structure
• What does APNIC do ?
• APNIC Membership services
• Why APNIC ?
• resources
• environment
• responsibilities

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What is APNIC?

• RIR for the Asia Pacific
• Regional Internet Registry
• Regional authority for Internet Resource
  distribution
• IPv4 IPv6 addresses, ASNs, reverse dns
  delegation
• Industry self-regulatory body
• Non-profit, neutral and independent
• Open membership-based structure

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APNIC Membership
CN
As of September 2003
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National NIC

• National NICs exist only in APNIC region in the
  world.

• JPNIC, Japan
• KRNIC, Korea
• CHNIC, China

• TWNIC, Taiwan
• APJII, Indonesia
• VNNIC, Vietnam

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APNIC Services Activities

• Information dissemination
• APNIC meetings
• Web and ftp site
• Mailing lists
• Open for anyone!
• Training Courses
• Subsidised for members
• Co-ordination liaison
• With membership, other RIRs other Internet Orgs.

• Resources Services
• IPv4, IPv6, ASN, reverse DNS
• Policy development
• Approved and implemented by membership
• APNIC whois db
• whois.apnic.net
• Registration of resources

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APNIC is not

• Not a network operator
• Does not provide networking services
• Works closely with APRICOT forum
• Not a standards body
• Does not develop technical standards
• Works within IETF in relevant areas (IPv6 etc)
• Not a domain name registry or registrar
• Will refer queries to relevant parties

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IPv4 address distribution
as of September 2003
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ASN distribution
as of September 2003
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IPv4 address Issues

• IP address space shortage
• Routing table burst

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IPv4 Address space shortage issue -
Global IPv4 Delegations
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Is IPv4 address insufficient?

• Insufficient
• If end-to-end applications get popular,
  4,300,000,000 addresses are not enough.
• Sufficient
• Currently 30 of whole address space remains.
  If registries allocate appropriately, this is not
  an issue at this point.

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Growth of global routing table
Policies
Projected routing table growth without CIDR
But they cannot be relied on forever
Moores Law and CIDR made it work for a while
DeploymentPeriod of CIDR
http//bgp.potaroo.net/as1221/bgp-active.html
last updated 12 Feb 2003
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Routing table prefix distribution
Last updated 29 Nov 2002
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Is Routing Table in danger?

• Not in danger
• Memory capacity of routers is large enough to
  handle any foreseeable number of routes
• Dangerous
• There are lots of small ISPs who cannot buy those
  expensive router memory chips
• Route flaps might seriously affect convergence
  time

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ENUM and its position
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What is ENUM?

• ENUM(Telephone Number Mapping)
• The name of a protocol that resolves fully
  qualified telephone numbers to fully qualified
  domain name addresses using a DNS-based
  architecture
• Defined in RFC2916
• IETF and ITU-T are working on its standardization

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What is the motivation?

• Convenient to have NUMBERS to call Internet
  phone
• Convenient to use THIS number to setup multiple
  things
• Convenient to register THIS information in the
  Internet Database
• Convenient to manage THIS information in DNS
  system

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E.164 Number

• The international telephone number plan
  administrated by ITU
• E.164 number specifies the format, structure, and
  administrative hierarchy of telephone numbers
• Fully qualified E.164 number is designated by a
  country code, an area or city code, and a phone
  number
• (ex. 81-3-123-4567)

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Why use E.164 for ENUM?

• These numbers are an existing system for global
  traceability
• Relatively static

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What is ENUM?
Fixed Phone
IP Phone
Material is from Report for IP network
technology study group in Feb.2002 by
http//www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2002/020222_3.html
MPMHAPT
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Example of ENUM function

• 042-327-1111
• ? (Add the country code and
  sign)
• 81-42-327-1111
• ? (Remove sign and hyphen)
• 81423271111
• ? (Add . between numbers)
• 8.1.4.2.3.2.7.1.1.1.1
• ? (Make it opposite order)
• 1.1.1.1.7.2.3.2.4.1.8
• ? (adde164.arpa at the end)
• 1.1.1.1.7.2.3.2.4.1.8.e164.arpa

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How do we use ENUM?

• As a number resolution method from telephone
  network to Internet telephone and vice versa
• Distinguish between e-164 user and e-164
  application

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What information we register?

• URI(Uniform Resource Identifier)
• Telephone
• SIP URI sipinfo_at_crl.go.jp
• H.323
• Tel tel[phone]
• ENUM enum81423271111
• mail mailtoinfo_at_crl.go.jp
• Web http//www.crl.go.jp
• FAX smtp//FAX- 81423271234_at_faxgw.crl.go.jp
  ?
• telnet telnet//host.domain/

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H.323

• Group of protocols which are used for multimedia
  communication on the Internet and LAN network
• Standardized by ITU-T (The ITU Telecommunication
  Standardization Sector )

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SIP

• SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
• A signaling protocol which is used for
  establishing multimedia session on the Internet
  or LAN network
• Standardized on RFC2543 by IETF in 1999
• Revised on RFC3261 in June 2002

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More about SIP

• SIP controls establishing, changing, and
  terminating multimedia sessions, but it does not
  concern about the content of the communication
• SIP is simpler and uses less resources than E.323

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Operator ENUM User ENUM

• Definitions of them were inevitable in carrying
  forward a discussion
• Definition should have been done with our words
  and with knowledge of national telecom industry
  structure

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Operator ENUM

• A provider, which has assigned the number to the
  user, uses ENUM records to implement its service
  identified by the number at its will
• This receives interests from IP telephone service
  providers in Japan

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User ENUM

• Each user of E.164 number, who subscribes a
  telecom service identified by the number,
  registers his/her favorite application services
  to ENUM records at his/her will
• IETF, UKEG, ENUM Forum(US) seem to mainly give
  focus on this category

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Status

• RFC2916bis (revised version) is WGLC
• E164.arpa delegations have made to 22 countries
  as of 27.Oct.2003
• Various national and international ENUM Trials
• using different scenarios and numbering
  resources
• using different ENUM enabled products
• ENUM is ready for production in 2004
• some countries are planning to deploy ENUM
  commercially

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Future of ENUM

• Current business model still has problems
• Security and privacy issues
• Administrative and operational arrangement issue
• Multi-countries cooperation issue
• Once strong regulations and agreements are
  established, it will be useful

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References

• I referred the following presentations to
  produce this material
• http//www.apnic.net/training/recent/index.html
• http//www.nic.ad.jp/ja/enum/report/report01.pdf
• http//www.soumu.go.jp/s-news/2002/020222_3.html

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Questions?
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(No Transcript)