Nanotechnology:Next Big Wave For MSME

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Nanotechnology Next Big Wave For MSME
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Technology Proceeds in Waves Electrical
inventions dominated the later parts of 19th
century Petrol based vehicles in first half of
20th century Nuclear energy around middle of 20th
century Personal computers since 1980 Mobile and
Internet since 1995 in India At present we are in
Information Technology era
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Future will be dominated by three sisters one
older and two younger twins Names of three
sisters are Info, Nano, Bio Right now is the
time, neither too early nor too late, to get
started with nanotechnology business in India
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Nanotechnology is technology at the sub-micron
level Milli is one thousandth Micro is one
millionth Nano is one billionth At the nano level
we are speaking in terms of large single
molecules or a group of a few dozen atoms.
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Not only is the nano level very small, but the
properties of matter at the nano level are quite
different from the macroscopic level. This is
because surface properties become most
important. Mechanical, thermal, electrical, and
optical properties of nano-materials are very
different compared to their bulk
counterparts. Until micro level, laws of
classical physics are good enough, but at nano
level, quantum physics only can explain phenomena.
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For instance, opaque substances become
transparent (copper) Inert materials become
catalysts (gold, platinum) Stable materials turn
combustible (aluminum) Solids turn into liquids
at room temperature (gold) Insulators become
conductors (silicon).
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Building blocks of nanotechnology are
nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanofilms Nanopartic
les have nano dimensions in all three
directions Nanowires have nano dimensions in two
directions and one direction is of larger
size Nanofilms have nano dimensions in one
direction only and two directions are of larger
size.
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Si(557)-Au surface
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Although all three structures have been studied,
most of applications so far are those of
nanoparticles.
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Nanotechnology in History and Nature Swords
manufactured in Damascus from 10th century to as
late as 1750 have been found to contain carbon
nanotubes (strongest and stiffest material
known). The sword makers knew nothing about
nano-science but were accidentally utilizing
nanotechnology.
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Nanomaterials are not difficult to produce but
their characterization is hard. Nanotechnology
has already existed in nature and we need to do a
lot of biomimetics.
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Bacillus sphaericus with center-to-center spacing
of 13.1 nm.
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Geckos cling to smooth surfaces when upside down
because of capillary and van der Waals forces
between the surface and densely packed
200-nm-wide keratin hairs on the soles of their
feet (left). Fibers patterned with electron beam
lithography from a plastic film (right) achieved
an adhesion almost 30 as good.
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Available Nanotechnology Products Nanoparticles A
ppliances Automotive Building Products Cosmetics E
lectronics and Computer Food Green
Nanotechnology Hobby and Sports Home and
Garden Industrial Nanotechnology Products Marine
Products and Applications
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Medical and Health Paper and Packaging
Industry Scientific Instruments Textile and
Fabrics
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Nanotechnology could also have immense
applications in construction but this will have
to wait since bulk quantities are needed and
nanomaterials are still very expensive.
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Nanotechnology Consumer Products
Inventory (http//www.nanotechproject.org/44) USA
1,000 manufactured products 485 companies 24
countries (including China, Malaysia, Taiwan and
Thailand, but not India)
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World-wide, Nanotechnology RD funding by
private sector has started to exceed funding by
governments. Nanotechnology is projected to
become a 1 trillion market by 2015.
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485 manufacturers and 1000 products means there
is plenty of room for retail and small
players. Many of new nanotechnology products are
passive and not active A passive product
does not need after-sales service. Small and
medium players can enter into business with
passive products. This is very different from
the scenario when IT took off.
IT manufacturing was dominated by a
small number of manufacturers. On other hand IT
had great scope for trainers which were
essentiall small players. In nanotechnology scope
for training is far less
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NANOTECHNOLOGY AND INDIA Research Labs
OK Government Research Funding OK Teaching
OK Business Not OK
(1) So far Indian
business has been mesmerized by Information
Technology.
(2) Nanotechnology
entrepreneurship courses not yet included in
M.Tech. (Nanotechnology) degree programmes

(3) Nanotechnology regulatory
framework does not exist
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Delhi Nanotechnology Business Group is a forum of
like-minded persons to interact with one
another. Our website is http//nanotech.meetup.com
/62. Membership of the web-site is free. We have
about 60 members. Meetings are being held.
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• Early business ideas for Indian
  Nano-entrepreneurs
• Nanotechnology instrumentation
• Nanotechnology consultancy
• Nanoparticle supply

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Nanocity http//www.nanocity.com Nanocity spans
11138 acres of flatland located less than 25 kms
east of Chandigarh. It is a public/private
partnership between Sabeer Bhatia (52) Parvsnath
Developers (38) and Haryana State Industrial and
Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC)
(12).
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Similar projects have been announced in Himachal
Pradesh and Gujarat in collaboration with
Nanobiosym of USA whose founder is an NRI by name
Anita Goyal.
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Business Models A purely import-based business
can be set up for an amount starting from Rupees
10 lakh. For one to a few crores, one can set up
a business based on import plus value
addition. Fifty crores and above would be needed
to start any kind of a nanotechnology
manufacturing business.
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Hundreds of crores and above would be needed to
set up a business involving the manufacture of
"active" nanotechnology products which would also
need the establishment of a network of
after-sales service centres.
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Re-engineering of engineers would be needed
through appropriate short courses. At present
dozens of universities in India have started
degree programs in nanotechnology. Similarly a
good number of conferences are also being
held. However, nanotechnology short courses are
yet to take off. Emergent Technologies short
courses would include nanotechnology as a major
component.
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Choice of Product for small players It should be
passive product (not requiring service backup)
versus active product. Its potential market
should be big but the number of consumers should
be small. Therefore institutional consumers are
to be preferred over general public
consumers. The product should be small in price.
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Start with nanoparticles Market of these products
will be to educational institutions, research
labs, and companies Carbon Nanotubes Nanofibres Si
lver and metal oxides Titanium oxides Other
Nanoparticles Nanocoatings
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Sole Proprietorship versus Partnership versus
Private Limited Company versus Public Limited
Company Sole proprietorship model is out since
both funds and expertise needed. Basic choice is
between Partnership and Private Limited Company.
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Superficially partnerships laws seem simple.
Companies laws
seem more complex. Individual partnerships are
controlled by the details of agreement. This
makes it complex.

In case of companies everything is laid out
in the laws. Partnerships are suited for a
well-knit group of friends or relatives for there
is a great deal of mutual trust. Companies are
suited to those who do not know each other for a
very long time. Company documents are more
subject to public scrutiny than partnership
documents. Company is easy to upgrade from
private limited to public limited through IPO



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For Small Players We need a model for
establishing business with about 10 lakh initial
funds. This would be based on import and
marketing. Have 12 shares.

Organizing AGM of 12
persons will be easy. 15 is the maximum number
of directors allowed in a company but there
should be 3 independent directors. In this model
each share-holder also becomes a director of the
company. Hopefully the number of shareholders
buying the 12 shares will be much less. If value
of each share is Rs. 80,000 then Rs. 10 lakh will
be collected.
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The profit of the company is to shared in
proportion to the number of share. The
Directors of the company get a payment for each
meeting they attend. Initially the Board of
Directors may forego any payment until the
company comes into profit.
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Employees Start with only one employee.

Employee should have some
marketing experience and preferably some import
experience. The Board of Directors would identify
the product(s) to be imported. The
employee would get the import quotations, get
government sanctions for import, publicize the
work of the company, keep all accounts, and
report to the Board of Directors. In the
beginning the employees does not need an office.
But he is to be
given travel allowance.
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Warning on misuse of word Nano Tata Nano is an
example Even poets have started to use the word
nano Ye suntay hain teri nano-kamar hai Kahaan
hai, kis taraf hai, aur kidhar hai