NETWORKING HARDWARE

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Chapter 11 Networking with TCP/IP and the
Internet
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Objectives

• Discuss methods of network design unique to
  TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and
  NAT
• Describe protocols used between mail clients and
  mail servers

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Objectives (continued)

• Explain the fundamental principles of using a
  TCP/IP network for packetized voice transmissions
• Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network
  discovery and troubleshooting

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks

• Subnetting
• Enhance security
• Improve performance
• Simplify troubleshooting

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Classful Addressing

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Subnet Masks

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Reserved Addresses

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Subnetting Techniques

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Calculating Subnets

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
• Classless routing or supernetting

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Internet Gateways

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
This host will not get outside its network, Why?
Assume a /24 mask.
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Network Address Translation (NAT)

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)
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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Subnetting
• Intranets and Extranets
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Intranet
• Within an enterprise
• Extranet
• Uses Internet-like services and protocols

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Designing TCP/IP-Based Networks (continued)

• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• Protocol responsible for moving messages from one
  mail server to another over TCP/IP-based networks

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TCP/IP Mail Services

• MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
• Allows for messages that contain no more than
  1000 ASCII characters

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TCP/IP Mail Services (continued)

• Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Application layer protocol used to retrieve
  messages from a mail server

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TCP/IP Mail Services (continued)

• Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP)
• Retrieve all or only a portion of any mail
  message
• Review their messages and delete them while the
  messages remain on the server
• Create sophisticated methods of organizing
  messages on the server
• Share a mailbox in a central location

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities

• Netstat
• -aProvides a list of all available TCP and UDP
  connections
• -eDisplays details about all the packets
• -nLists currently connected hosts according to
  their port and IP address

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Netstat (cont.)
• -pAllows you to specify what type of protocol
  statistics to list
• Must be followed by a protocol specification (TCP
  or UDP)
• -rProvides a list of routing table information
• -sProvides statistics about each packet
  transmitted by a host, separated according to
  protocol type (IP,TCP, UDP, or ICMP)

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Nbtstat
• -aDisplays a machines name table given its
  NetBIOS name
• -ADisplays a machines name table given its IP
  address
• -rLists statistics about names that have been
  resolved
• -sDisplays a list of all the current NetBIOS
  sessions

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Nslookup
• Allows you to query the DNS database

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Whois
• Allows you to query this DNS registration
  database and obtain information about a domain

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Traceroute (Tracert)
• -dInstructs the traceroute command not to
  resolve IP addresses to host names
• -hSpecifies the maximum number of hops
• -wIdentifies a timeout

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Ipconfig
• /?Displays a list of switches
• /allDisplays complete TCP/IP configuration
• /releaseReleases DHCP
• /renewRenews DHCP
• /displaydns---Displays DNS Cache
• /flushdns---Clears DNS Cache (not host file)

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Winipcfg
• Windows 9x and Me operating systems

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)

• Ifconfig
• -a
• down
• up

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Additional TCP/IP Utilities (continued)
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Voice Over IP (VOIP)

• Voice over IP (VoIP), also known as IP telephony
• Lower costs for voice calls
• toll bypass
• Supply new or enhanced features and applications
• Centralize voice and data network management

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Voice Over IP (VOIP) (continued)
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Voice Over IP (VOIP) (continued)
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Voice Over IP (VOIP) (continued)
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Chapter Summary

• Discuss methods of network design unique to
  TCP/IP networks, including subnetting, CIDR, and
  NAT
• Describe protocols used between mail clients and
  mail servers

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Chapter Summary (continued)

• Explain the fundamental principles of using a
  TCP/IP network for packetized voice transmissions
• Employ multiple TCP/IP utilities for network
  discovery and troubleshooting