IS 2150 / TEL 2810 Introduction to Security

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IS 2150 / TEL 2810Introduction to Security

• Lecture 1
• August 31, 2006

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Contact

• Instructor James B. D. Joshi
• 706A, IS Building
• Phone [phone]
• E-mail jjoshi_at_mail.sis.pitt.edu
• Web http//www.sis.pitt.edu/jjoshi/
• Office Hours
• Tuesdays 3.00 6.00 p.m.
• By appointments
• GSA Saubhagya R. Joshi
• Email srjoshi_at_mail.sis.pitt.edu
• Office hours Wednesday 200-400PM
• Place GIS Lab, 4th Floor

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IS 2150 / TEL 2810

• The objective of the course is to cover the
  fundamental issues of information system security
  and assurance.
• Develop broad understanding of diverse issues
• Certified by NSA
• About 85 is based on the CNSS requirements
• Core course for SAIS track
• Course webpage http//www.sis.pitt.edu/jjoshi/co
  urses/2007_1/IS2150SYL071.html

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Course Outline

• Intrusion Detection and Response (23, 25, ..)
• Attack Classification and Vulnerability Analysis
• Detection, Containment and Response/Recovery
• Legal, Ethical, Social Issues
• Evaluation, Certification Standards
• Miscellaneous Issues (22, ..)
• Malicious code, Mobile code
• Digital Rights Management, Forensics
• Watermarking,
• E/M-commerce security, Multidomain Security
• Identity/Trust Management

• Security Basics (1-8)
• General overview and definitions
• Security models and policy issues
• Basic Cryptography and Network security (9-12,
  26)
• Crypto systems, digital signature,
  authentication, PKI
• IPSec, VPN, Firewalls
• Systems Design Issues and Information assurance
  (13-21, 24)
• Design principles
• Security Mechanisms
• Auditing Systems
• Risk analysis
• System verification

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Course Material

• Textbook
• Introduction to Computer Security, Matt Bishop,
• Errata URL http//nob.cs.ucdavis.edu/bishop/
• Computer Security Art and Science, Matt Bishop
  is fine too
• Other Recommended
• Security in Computing, Charles P. Pfleeger,
  Prentice Hall
• Inside Java 2 Platform Security, 2nd Edition, L.
  Gong, G. Ellision, M. Dageforde
• Security Engineering A Guide to Building
  Dependable Distributed Systems, Ross Anderson,
  Wiley, John Sons, Incorporated, 2001
• Supplemental readings will be provided

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Prerequisites

• Assumes the following background
• Programming skill
• Some assignments in Java
• Working knowledge of
• Operating systems, algorithms and data
  structures, database systems, and networks
• Basic Mathematics
• Set, logic, induction techniques, data
  structure/algorithms
• Not sure? SEE ME

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Grading

• Lab Homework/Quiz/Paper review 40
• Exams 40 includes
• Midterm 20
• Final 20
• Paper/Project 20
• List of suggested topics will be posted
• Encouraged to think of a project/topic of your
  interest
• Some other
• Seminar and participation

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Course Policies

• Your work MUST be your own
• Zero tolerance for cheating/plagiarism
• You get an F for the course if you cheat in
  anything however small NO DISCUSSION
• Discussing the problem is encouraged
• Homework
• Penalty for late assignments (15 each day)
• Ensure clarity in your answers no credit will
  be given for vague answers
• Sample solutions will be provided
• Check webpage for everything!
• You are responsible for checking the webpage for
  updates

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• Overview of
• Security Assured Information Systems
• Track

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LERSAIS

• Laboratory of Education and Research in Security
  Assured Information Systems
• Established in 2003
• National Center of Academic Excellence in
  Information Assurance Education Program
• A US National Security Agency program initiated
  in 1998 through a presidential directive to
  SECURE the Cyberspace
• Partnered by Department of Homeland Security
  since 2003
• There are 70 such centers now
• Designation requires meeting a set of criteria
• Basic IA curriculum
• Strong research activity
• LERSAIS is Pitts representative center
• Website http//www.sis.pitt.edu/lersais/

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IA Education _at_Pitt

• Pitts IA curriculum has been certified for
• Committee on National Security Systems IA
  Standards
• CNSS 4011 Information Security Professionals
• CNSS 4012 Designated Approving Authority
• CNSS 4013 System Administrator in Information
  Systems Security
• CNSS 4014 Information Systems Security Officer
• CNSS 4015 System Certifiers
• Pitt is one among 12 Institutions in the US and
  only one in the State of Pennsylvania to have all
  certifications
• Website http//www.sis.pitt.edu/sais/

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IA Education _at_Pitt Grants

• NSF Scholarship for Service Grant
• First award (286,710)
• For the development of the curriculum
• Second award (1,055,553)
• For establishing a scholarship program
• Department of Defense Information Assurance
  Scholarship (DoD IASP)
• Support for 4 National Defense University
  Students to pursue IA degree at Pitt
• CISCO Critical Infrastructure Assurance Group
• Equipment grant winner of Year Spring-2005
• Equipments worth 130,000

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IA Education _at_Pitt Tracks/Courses
Master of Science in Information Sciences Master of Science in Telecommunications and Networking Certificate of Advanced Studies (CNSS Certifications)
Courses Introduction to Security Developing Secure Systems Cryptography Security in E-commerce Network Security Security Management Capstone course Information System and Network Infrastructure Protection Information Ethics Legal Issues in Information Handling
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NSF IA Scholarship _at_ Pitt

• New scholarship starting this Fall
• Support include
• Stipend of 12,000/year
• Tuition and fees
• Students should be
• In the track (MSIS/MST)
• Within last 2 years of completing the PhD studies
• Support for up to 2 years
• Work in Gov for the equal amount of time
• Summer internship is required
• Citizenship is required
• Need to obtain clearance for work in Gov

Website will be created shortly for now check
out http//www.sfs.opm.gov/
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NSF IA Scholarship _at_ Pitt

• Less chance for the following
• If you have less than one year of study
• If you want to work fulltime and study under
  scholarship
• Scholarship students will have to
• Involve in some activities of LERSAIS
• University activities of importance
• Mentor future scholarship students

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MSIS Security Assured Information Systems Track
Foundations (6 credits)
Cognitive Systems (6 credits)
Systems and Technology (9 credits SAIS Track 9
ST) (18 credits)
Electives (3 Credits SAIS Track 3 Credits ST)
IS-2000 Intro to Info Sc IS-2170 Cryptography

IS-2300 Human Information Processing IS-2470
Interactive System Design OR IS-2350 Human
Factors In Systems
IS-2550 Client-Sever IS2710 DBMS IS-2511
Adv. Anal. Des. OR IS-2540 Soft Engg.
IS2150 Intro to ComSec TEL-2821 Net Sec TEL
2830/IS-2190 Capstone Course in Security
IS-2570 Dev sec Systems IS-2771 Sec in
E-Comm IS2810/TEL-2813 Sec Mgmt LIS-2194 Info
Ethics LIS-2184 Legal issues in Handling
Info One ST Electives (may include another of
the SAIS course elective)
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MST Security Assured Information Systems Track
Core Required (9 credits)
Human Comm Mgmt/Policy (6 credits)
Protocols and Design (6 credits)
SAIS Track Core (12 credits)
SAIS Track Electives (3 credits)
TEL-2210 Electronic Comm II TEL-2120
Network Performance TEL-2310 Computer Networks

IS-2300 Human Information Processing TEL-2510
US Telecom Policy OR TEL-2511 Intl. Telecom
Policy OR LIS-2194 Information Ethics
TEL-2110 Network Design TEL-2121 Network
Mgt. TEL-2320 LANs TEL-2321 WANs TEL-2720 Cellu
lar Radio and PCS TEL-2721 Mobile Data
Networks
IS2150/TEL-2810 Intro To Security IS2170/TEL-282
0 Cryptography TEL-2821 Network Security IS219
0/TEL-2830 Capstone Course in Security
TEL-2825 Infrs. Protection IS-2771 Security in
E-Commerce IS-2810/TEL-2813 Security Management
TEL-2829 Adv. Cryptography OR Other Electives
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Education _at_PittCertificate of Advanced Studies
Basic IA Studies Advanced IA Studies Advanced IA Studies
Pre-requisite MSIS, MST or MS in related areas Pre-requisite MSIS, MST or MS in related areas Pre-requisite MSIS, MST or MS in related areas
15 credits of coursework Three SAIS Core courses (9) Systems Technology course (3) Capstone (3) 15 credits of coursework Three SAIS Core courses (9) Systems Technology course (3) Capstone (3) 24 credits of coursework Three SAIS Core courses (9) Security management (3) One IA Elective (3) 2 Systems-Tech electives (6) Capstone (3)
Certificates CNSS 4011, 4012, and 4013 Certificates CNSS 4011, 4012, and 4013 Certificates CNSS 4011, 4012, 4013, 4014A, and 4015
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Expected Pre-requisite Structure
IS-2150 TEL-2810 Intro to Security
TEL-2000 TEL-2120
IS-2510 IS-2511 IS-2550 IS-2710
IS-2160 TEL-2820 Cryptography
TEL-2821 Network Security
TEL-2825 Infrs. Protection
IS-2570 Dev. Secure Systems
IS-2820/TEL-2813 Security Management
IS-2771 E-commerce Security
TEL-2830/IS2190 Capstone
Check SIS web pages for new course numbers
TEL-2829 Adv. Cryptography
IS-2939 TEL-2938 Advanced Topics
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The Department of Information Science and
Telecommunications Laboratory of Education and
Research on Security Assured Information Systems
(LERSAIS), a National Center of Academic
Excellence in Information Assurance Education
(2004-2007), hereby certifies that Mr. John
Smith has successfully completed the
requirements for the DISTs IA certification in
Fall 2004
The DISTs IA certification requires a student to
demonstrate competence in the following three IA
courses TELCOM 2810 Introduction to Computer
Security TELCOM 2820 Cryptography TELCOM 2821
Network Security These three courses have been
certified by the National Security Agency (NSA)
as meeting the following IA education standards
set by the Committee on National Systems Security
(CNSS) NSTISSI No. 4011, Information Systems
Security Professionals NSTISSI No. 4012,
Designated Approving Authority  NSTISSI No.
4013, System Administrators in Information
Systems Security
SAMPLE
Ronald Larsen (Dean, School of Information
Sciences)
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Introduction to Security

• Overview of Computer Security

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Information Systems Security

• Deals with
• Security of (end) systems
• Examples Operating system, files in a host,
  records, databases, accounting information, logs,
  etc.
• Security of information in transit over a network
• Examples e-commerce transactions, online
  banking, confidential e-mails, file transfers,
  record transfers, authorization messages, etc.
• Using encryption on the internet is the
  equivalent of arranging an armored car to deliver
  credit card information from someone living in a
  cardboard box to someone living on a park bench
  
• Gene Spafford

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Basic Components of Security
CIA

• Confidentiality
• Keeping data and resources secret or hidden
• Integrity
• Ensuring authorized modifications
• Includes correctness and trustworthiness
• May refer to
• Data integrity
• Origin integrity
• Availability
• Ensuring authorized access to data and resources
  when desired

Trust Management (Emerging Challenge)
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CIA-based Model
NSTISSC 4011 Security Model (CNSS 4011)
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Basic Components of Security

• Additional from NIST (National Institute of
  Standards and Technology
• Accountability
• Ensuring that an entitys action is traceable
  uniquely to that entity
• Security assurance
• Assurance that all four objectives are met
• Other
• Non-repudiation
• false denial of an act

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Interdependencies
confidentiality
integrity
Integrity
confidentiality
availability
accountability
Integrity
confidentiality
Integrity
confidentiality
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Security - Years back

• Physical security
• Information was primarily on paper
• Lock and key
• Safe transmission
• Administrative security
• Control access to materials
• Personnel screening
• Auditing

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Information security today

• Emergence of the Internet and distributed systems
• Increasing system complexity
• Open environment with previously unknown entities
  interacting
• Digital information needs to be kept secure
• Competitive advantage
• Protection of assets
• Liability and responsibility

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Information security today

• Financial losses
• The FBI estimates that an insider attack results
  in an average loss of 2.8 million
• There are reports that the annual financial loss
  due to information security breaches is between 5
  and 45 billion dollars
• National defense
• Protection of critical infrastructures
• Power Grid Air transportation SCADA
• Interlinked government agencies
• Bad Grade for most of the agencies (GAO Reports)
• DHS gets a failing grade (2005) !!

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Terminology
Security Architecture
Requirements Policies
Requirements Policies
Security Features or Services
Resources Assets Information
Attackers/Intruders/ Malfeasors
Security Models/ Mechanisms
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Attack Vs Threat

• A threat is a potential violation of security
• The violation need not actually occur
• The fact that the violation might occur makes it
  a threat
• It is important to guard against threats and be
  prepared for the actual violation
• The actual violation of security is called an
  attack

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Common security attacks

• Interruption, delay, denial of receipt or denial
  of service
• System assets or information become unavailable
  or are rendered unavailable
• Interception or snooping
• Unauthorized party gains access to information by
  browsing through files or reading communications
• Modification or alteration
• Unauthorized party changes information in transit
  or information stored for subsequent access
• Fabrication, masquerade, or spoofing
• Spurious information is inserted into the system
  or network by making it appear as if it is from a
  legitimate entity
• Repudiation of origin
• False denial that an entity did (send/create)
  something

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Classes of Threats (Shirley)

• Disclosure unauthorized access to information
• Snooping
• Deception acceptance of false data
• Modification, masquerading/spoofing, repudiation
  of origin, denial of receipt
• Disruption interruption/prevention of correct
  operation
• Modification
• Usurpation unauthorized control of a system
  component
• Modification, masquerading/spoofing, delay,
  denial of service

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Policies and Mechanisms

• A security policy states what is, and is not,
  allowed
• This defines security for the site/system/etc.
• Policy definition Informal? Formal?
• Mechanisms enforce policies
• Composition of policies
• If policies conflict, discrepancies may create
  security vulnerabilities

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Goals of Security

• Prevention
• To prevent someone from violating a security
  policy
• Detection
• To detect activities in violation of a security
  policy
• Verify the efficacy of the prevention mechanism
• Recovery
• Stop policy violations (attacks)
• Assess and repair damage
• Ensure availability in presence of an ongoing
  attack
• Fix vulnerabilities for preventing future attack
• Retaliation against the attacker

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Assumptions and Trust

• Policies and mechanisms have implicit assumptions
• Assumptions regarding policies
• Unambiguously partition system states into
  secure and nonsecure states
• Correctly capture security requirements
• Mechanisms
• Assumed to enforce policy i.e., ensure that the
  system does not enter nonsecure state
• Support mechanisms work correctly

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Types of Mechanisms

• Let P be the set of all the reachable states
• Let Q be a set of secure states identified by a
  policy Q ? P
• Let the set of states that an enforcement
  mechanism restricts a system to be R
• The enforcement mechanism is
• Secure if R ? Q
• Precise if R Q
• Broad if there are some states in R that are not
  in Q

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Types of Mechanisms
broad
precise
secure
set R
set Q (secure states)
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Information Assurance

• Information Assurance Advisory Council (IAAC)
• Operations undertaken to protect and defend
  information and information systems by ensuring
  their availability, integrity, authentication,
  confidentiality and non-repudiation
• National Institute of Standards Technology
• Assurance is the basis for confidence that the
  security measures, both technical and
  operational, work as intended to protect the
  system and the information it processes

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Assurance

• Assurance is to indicate how much to trust a
  system and is achieved by ensuring that
• The required functionality is present and
  correctly implemented
• There is sufficient protection against
  unintentional errors
• There is sufficient resistance to intentional
  penetration or by-pass
• Basis for determining this aspect of trust
• Specification
• Requirements analysis
• Statement of desired functionality
• Design
• Translate specification into components that
  satisfy the specification
• Implementation
• Programs/systems that satisfy a design

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Operational Issues

• Designing secure systems has operational issues
• Cost-Benefit Analysis
• Benefits vs. total cost
• Is it cheaper to prevent or recover?
• Risk Analysis
• Should we protect something?
• How much should we protect this thing?
• Risk depends on environment and change with time
• Laws and Customs
• Are desired security measures illegal?
• Will people do them?
• Affects availability and use of technology

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Human Issues

• Organizational Problems
• Power and responsibility
• Financial benefits
• People problems
• Outsiders and insiders
• Which do you think is the real threat?
• Social engineering

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Tying all together The Life Cycle
Human factor