A: Effective Area Covered by Wind Turbine

1
Wind Power
A Effective Area Covered by Wind Turbine rAir
Density (kg/m3)
Wind Speed
A
U(m/s)
2
Power Generated by Wind Turbine
Cp Power Efficiency of the Turbine
wmRotation Speed of the Wind Turbine
wm
Wind Speed
U(m/s)
3
Wind Turbine Efficiency (Cp)

• Cp is varied with l

l is Tip Speed Ratio

• To achieve the highest efficiency l must keep at
  lopt

4
Maximum Power of the Wind Turbine

• Different wind speed has different power curve
  (P-wm)
• The maximum power is on the top of each power
  curve where llopt

5
Operation Modes of the Wind Turbine Generator
(WTG)

• MPPT Mode As PltPmax, the WTG is operated on the
  top of the power curve
• Constant Power Mode As the top of the power
  curve is larger than Pmax, P is hold at Pmax, The
  WTG will be off MPPT
• Shunt Down Mode As wm gt wmax, the WTG will be
  shunted down to protect itself

6
Three Charging Stages of the Battery
Battery is controlled to be charged with three
stages to keep high state of charge (SOC) and
prolong the battery life
7
Power Management of the WTG Charger System

• 3 operation modes

Discharge Mode When the peak power of WTG is
less than the load power, battery will discharge
8
Partial Charge Mode When the peak power of WTG
is larger than the load power, battery will be
charged, however, the charge power is still less
than the rated charge power
9
Charge Mode When the peak power of WTG is larger
than the sum of load power and battery rated
charge power, WTG will be off MPPT to keep the
WTG power is equal to the sum of load power and
rated battery charged power, battery will be
charged with rated charged power
10
Power Management of the WTG and PV Charger System

• 4 operation modes
• WTG power is utilized first and then PV power

Discharge Mode When the sum of the peak power of
WTG and PV is less than the load power, battery
will discharge
11
Partial Charge Mode When the sum of the peak
power of WTG and PV is larger than the load
power, battery will be charged, however, the
charge power is still less than the rated charge
power
12
Rated Charge Mode 1 When the sum of peak power
of WTG and PV is larger than the sum of load
power and battery rated charge power, PV will be
off MPPT first to keep the sum of WTG and PV
power is equal to the sum of load power and rated
battery charged power, battery will be charged
with rated charged power
13
Rated Charge Mode 2 When the peak power of WTG
is larger than the sum of load power and battery
rated charge power, PV will be shunted down and
WTG will be off MPPT to keep the WTG power is
equal to the sum of load power and rated battery
charged power, battery will be charged with rated
charged power
14
Grid-Tie WTG (Wind Turbine Generator) System
Anti-Islanding Mode
Grid Fail
15
Grid-Tie PV System

• Allow Multiple Strings of PV Array
• Independent MPPT Control For BIPV Application
• Wind power is also allowed

16
Power Management of the WTG and PV Hybrid System

• 2 Grid-Tie Modes and 3 UPS Modes

Grid-Tie Mode 1 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is larger than the sum of Load and Charge
power, the excess power will feed the Grid
MPPT
MPPT
17
Grid-Tie Mode 2 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is lesser than the sum of Load and Charge
power, the insufficient power will supplied from
the Grid
18
UPS Mode 1 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is lesser than the Load power, the Battery
will discharge to supply the insufficient power
MPPT
Rectifier
MPPT
Wind
Grid Fail
PV
19
UPS Mode 2 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is larger than the Load and Battery charge
power, the PV will be off MPPT to balance the
system power
MPPT
Rectifier
OFF MPPT
Wind
Grid Fail
PV
20
UPS Mode 3 When the peak power of the Wind is
larger than the Load and Battery charge power,
the PV power will be zero and the Wind will be
off MPPT to balance the system power
OFF MPPT
Rectifier
Wind
Grid Fail
PV
21
Power Management of the WTG and PV Hybrid System
for Critical Load

• 2 Grid-Tie Modes and 3 UPS Modes

Grid-Tie Mode 1 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is larger than the sum of Load and Charge
power, the excess power will feed the Grid
22
Grid-Tie Mode 2 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is lesser than the sum of Load and Charge
power, the insufficient power will supplied from
the Grid
23
UPS Mode 1 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is lesser than the Load power, the Battery
will discharge to supply the insufficient power
24
UPS Mode 2 When the sum of peak PV and Wind
power is larger than the Load and Battery charge
power, the PV will be off MPPT to balance the
system power
25
UPS Mode 3 When the peak power of the Wind is
larger than the Load and Battery charge power,
the PV power will be zero and the Wind will be
off MPPT to balance the system power