Chapter 3 Understanding the Role of Culture

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Chapter 3Understanding the Role of Culture
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URLS

• Transnational Corporations and Corporate Codes of
• Conduct http//www.goodmoney.com/
• The Progressive Directory of the Institute for
  Global
• Communications http//www.igc.org/igc/
• Social Accountability International www.cepaa.org
• Transparency International - www.transparency.org

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Overview

• Culture and its effects on organizations
• Cultural variables
• Cultural value dimensions
• The Internet and culture
• Developing cultural profiles
• Culture and management styles around the world

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Key Terms

• Culture Savvy
• Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Empathy
• Culture of a society
• Self reference criterion
• Parochialism
• Ethnocentrism

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Cultural Variables

• Never assume that a manager can transplant
  American, or
• Japanese, or any other countrys styles,
  practices,
• expectations, and processes
• Managers need to develop a cultural profile that
  identifies
• the specific differences found in each country

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Subcultures

• Residents of the country only conform to the
  national
• character to a certain degree
• Could be from ethnic, geographic, or other
  variables
• Good managers treat people as individuals and
  they avoid
• any form of stereotyping

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Influences on National Culture

• Kinship guides family relationships
• Education formal or informal education of
  workers affects
• workplace expectations
• Economy means of production and distribution in
  a
• society influences all aspects of the resource
  allocation
• Politics system of government imposes varying
• constraints on an organization

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Influences on National Culture

• Religion spiritual beliefs of a society are so
  powerful that they
• overpower all other cultural aspects
• Associations the formal and informal groups
  that make up a
• Society
• Health system of health care affects employee
  productivity
• Recreation the use, attitude, and choice of how
  to use leisure
• time

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Cultural Value Dimensions

• Values are a societys ideas about what is
• good or bad, right or wrong

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Cultural Clusters

• Ronen and Shenkar

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Hofstedes Value Dimensions

• Hofstede

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Trompenaars Value Dimensions

• Trompenaars

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Culture Savvy

• A working knowledge of the cultural variables
  affecting management decisions

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Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Empathy

• An awareness and an honest caring about another
  individuals culture.

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Culture of a society

• Comprises the shared values, understandings,
• assumptions, and goals that are learned from
  earlier
• generations, imposed by present members of a
  society, and
• passed on to succeeding generations.

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Self reference criterion

• The unconscious reference point of ones own
  cultural values

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Parochialism

• Occurs when a Frenchman, for example, expects
  those
• from or in another country to automatically fall
  into patterns
• of behaviour common in France.

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Ethnocentrism

• Describes the attitude of those who operate from
  the
• assumption that their ways of doing things are
  best no
• matter where or under what conditions they are
  applied