The Great Ice Storm of Eastern Ontario

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The Great Ice Stormof Eastern Ontario

• Managing Ice Damaged
• Woodlots Plantations

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Presentation Objectives

• To answer the most commonly asked questions about
  ice damaged woodlot and plantations
• How to assess woodlot damage?
• What to expect from the damage?
• What can you do?

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Damage All Forest Types are Affected

• Damage does vary according to
• Species
• Size
• Age
• Location

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Forest Trees Affected
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Types of Damage

• Bending
• Breakage
• Pole effect
• Internal

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Bent Trees
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Domino Effect
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Degrees of Damage
Broken top White pine
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Degrees of Damage
Broken top Basswood
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Degrees of Damage
Broken top - Bur oak
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Degrees of Damage
Broken top Basswood
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Trees Natural Defenses

• Sprouting
• Layering
• Sealing off wounds

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What to do?

• Assess damage
• Make plans
• Monitor

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Assessing the Damage

• Map property
• Locate plots
• Assess
• Summarize results
• Make planning decisions

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Mapping the Property

• Use compartments from management plan OR
• Separate different forest areas
• Young hardwood, mature hardwood, mixed woodlot,
  cedar bush, young plantation, maturing
  plantation, mature plantation
• Calculate area of compartments - optional

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Forest Types

• Young Hardwood

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Forest Types

• Mature tolerant hardwood woodlot

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Forest Types

• Cedar bush

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Forest Types

• Young spruce plantation

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Forest Types

• Maturing white pine

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Forest Types

• Mature red pine

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Locate Plots

• Minimum one plot per compartment
• Number will vary according to detail required
• Number may vary according to site variability

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Statistical Assessment

• Fixed area of 0.04 ha is recommended
• Can vary according to detail required
• Assessment slightly different for woodlot and
  plantations

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Basic Assessment

• Based on a point sample
• Minimum of three points per compartment
• Choose and mark standing point
• Choose 10 trees representative of size range
• In plantation choose 20 trees

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Information to Record

• The following information should be recorded
• Species
• Size
• Degree of damage to crown
• Degree of bending of stem
• Condition of small trees (regeneration) and
  vegetation

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Summarizing Results

• Calculate of trees in each category by
  compartment
• Calculate total number of bent trees
• Decision making

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Degree of Woodlot Damage

• Bent trees
• Minimal damage
• Most trees have lt 25 crown
• Moderate damage
• Most trees have between 25-75 crown damage
• Severe damage
• Most trees have gt 75 crown damage

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Bent tree
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One major branch broken
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50 Crown Damage
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50-75 Crown Damage
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100 Crown Damage
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100 Crown Damage
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Plantation Damage

• Bent trees
• Minimal damage
• Most trees with no damage or up to 2 yr. broken
• Moderate damage
• Most trees broken mid crown
• Severe damage
• Most trees have no live crown

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White pine juvenile plantation
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White pine crown damage
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Scots pine severe crown damage
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Red pine severe crown damage
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What to Expect

• Bent trees
• Immature hardwood
• Mature hardwoods
• Cedar stands
• Young plantations
• Maturing plantations
• Mature plantations

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Action

• There is no rush
• Safety
• Access
• Salvage
• Pruning
• Monitoring

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Wear a Hard Hat
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Clear access trails
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Salvage

• Forest health
• Fire hazard
• Economic value

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Salvage
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Blue Stain
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Salvage - Markets

• Pulp hardwood, softwood
• Logs hardwood, softwood
• Firewood
• Cedar posts, pickets
• Specialty products
• Remember, CALL BEFORE YOU CUT!

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Log Pile and Skidder
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Red and white pine logs
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Young Plantation Corrective Pruning

• New growth only
• Species
• Economic consideration crop trees only

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White Pine Correction
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Monitoring

• Insect damage
• Signs of disease
• Bark beetle
• General condition of trees
• Use by wildlife

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Wildlife Considerations

• Cavity dwellers
• Small birds
• Game birds
• Raptors
• Deer and moose
• Predators
• Small mammals
• What can you do?

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Management Plan Implications

• MFTIP
• 5-year management program
• Annual report
• Audit

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When to Hire a Professional

• Your personal choice
• Job is too big
• Need specific skills or equipment

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How to Hire a Forest Professional

• Ask for references verify
• Follow good business practices three quotes
• Check for liability insurance and verify (if
  applicable)
• Sign a contract

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How to Find a Forestry Professional

• Professional organizations
• Ministry of Natural Resources
• Ontario Woodlot Association
• Eastern Ontario Model Forest
• Ontario Forestry Association
• Referrals from friends and neighbours

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Summary

• Safety first
• Assess the damage
• Use professionals when necessary
• Follow good management practices now and in the
  future
• Monitor

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Presentation Made Possible By

• Eastern Ontario Model Forest
• Human Resources Development Canada
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
• With contributions from
• City of Ottawa
• Purdue University