?????????? ???? ???? (PSO)

1
?????????? ???? ???? (PSO)
2
??????????? 1
3
??????????? 2
4
????? ????? ?? ????? PSO
?? ??? 1995 ???? ????? ??? ????? ??. Kennedy, J.
and Eberhart, R., Particle Swarm Optimization,
Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
on Neural Networks, Perth, Australia 1995, pp.
1942-1945.
5
???? ??????
6
???? ????

• ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???.
• ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? (?? ??? ???????
  ????????? ????? ???!)
• ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???.
• ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??
  ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????????. (?????? ??????
  ???? ?? ???)
• ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???
  ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????
  ????????.

7
???? ???? 2

• ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????. ????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??
  ?? ????? ???????.
• ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?? PSO
  ???? ???? ??? ???????
• - ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???.
• - ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??
  ???? ??????? ?????? (?????? ?????? ??????).
• - ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???
  ??????? ??????.

8
??????? ? ????????

• ?????
• ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????.
• ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???.
• ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????.

• ????????
• ????? ???? ????
• ?????????? ????
• ???????? ????

9
???????? ????? ???????? ? ??????
10
?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????

• ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? (Timestep) ???? ?? ??
  ?????? ???? ????? ???. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????
  ??? ????? ??????.
• ????? ???? ????? ??? ???
• - ???? ????
• ??????
• - ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?? ???
• ??????
• - ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
  ????? ?? ??????? ???
• ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
• ????? ????? ??????
• ??????
• - ???? ????

11
?????????
geographical
social
12
?????????
Global
13
?????????? ????????
?????????? ??? 1
????? ?????
14
Particles Adjust their positions according to a
Psychosocial compromise between what an
individual is comfortable with, and what society
reckons
?????? ?????? ?????
i-proximity
pi
?????? ?????? ?????? ??
x
?? ?? ????? ????!
pg
g-proximity
v
15
???-?? ?????????
http//www.swarmintelligence.org/tutorials.php

• Equation (a)
• v c0 v
• c1 rand() (pbest - present)
• c2 rand() (gbest - present)
• ?? ??? ???? c11 ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????????
  ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ? ???? ?????
  ???????.
• Equation (b)
• present present v

??????? ????
??? ????? ???
??? ???? ????
16
????-?? ?????????
http//www.swarmintelligence.org/tutorials.php

• For each particle     Initialize
  particleENDDo    For each particle        
  Calculate fitness value        If the fitness
  value is better than its peronal best
•             set current value as the new
  pBest    End    Choose the particle with the
  best fitness value of all as gBest    For each
  particle         Calculate particle velocity
  according equation (a)        Update particle
  position according equation (b)    End While
  maximum iterations or minimum error criteria is
  not attained

17
???-?? ?????????
http//www.swarmintelligence.org/tutorials.php

• ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? Vmax ????? ???????.
  ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???
  ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? Vmax
  ????? ??????.
• ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????
  ????????? ??????? ????.

18
???? ????? ????????
1- ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???. 2- ??? ????? ?????
???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??. 3-
???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????.
19
???????? ????
At each time step t
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????
for each particle
????????? ????
then move
????????? ??????
20
?????????

• ????? ????
• C1 (????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???)
• C1 (importance of personal best)
• C2 (????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????)
• C2 (importance of neighbourhood best)
• Vmax

21
????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
22
?????????

• ????? ????
• ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? 10-50 ??????? ???? ???????.
• C1 (????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???)
• C2 (????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????)
• ??????? C1C2 4. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???
  ???.
• Vmax ???? ??- ???? ?????
• ???? ????- ????????

23
????
24
????
25
????? ?????? ????? ????
I try to kill myself
There has been enough improvement
although I'm the worst
I try to generate a new particle
I'm the best
but there has been not enough improvement
26
????? ??????
rand(0b)(p-x)
av
?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????
??????.
??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
???? ??????.
27
?????

• Kennedy, J. and Eberhart, R., Particle Swarm
  Optimization,
• Proceedings of the IEEE International
  Conference on Neural Networks,
• Perth, Australia 1995, pp. 1942-1945.
• Venter, G. and Sobieski, J., Particle Swarm
  Optimization,
• Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference,
  Denver, CO.,
• April 2002.
• Kennedy, J. and Eberhart, R., Swarm Intelligence,
• Academic Press, 1st ed., San Diego, CA,
• 2001.