Five Characteristics of Research

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Five Characteristics of Research
Systematic Plan, identify, design, collect
data, evaluate.
Logical Examine procedures to evaluate
conclusions.
Empirical Decisions are based on data.
Reductive General conclusions are established
from data.
Replicable Actions are recorded.
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Continuum of Basic to Applied Research
Level IBasic research
- Goal Theory driven - Approach Laboratory
Level IIModerate relevance
- Goal Theory-based using relevant
movements - Approach Similar to real-world task
or setting
Level IIIApplied research
- Goal Immediate solutions - Approach
Real-world settings
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Quality Research Involves
Identifying and delimiting the problem
Searching, reviewing, and writing about the
literature
Specifying and defining testable hypotheses
Designing research to test the hypotheses
Selecting, describing, testing, and treating
the participants
Analyzing and reporting the results
Discussing the meaning and implications of the
findings
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Reading Research
Become familiar with relevant publications.
Read studies of interest.
Read as a practitioner would.
Read the abstract first.
Dont worry too much about the statistics.
Be critical but objective.
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Unscientific Methods of Problem Solving
Tenacity
Intuition
Authority
The rationalistic method
The empirical method
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Scientific Method of Problem Solving
Step 1 Developing the problem (defining and
delimiting it)
Step 2 Formulating the hypotheses
Step 3 Gathering the data
Step 4 Analyzing and interpreting results
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Alternative Models of Research
Normal science
- Scientific method - Experiments are theory
driven
Challenges to normal science
- Inconsistent findings - Alternative
interpretations
Paradigm shifts
- New theories - New methods
How knowledge is advanced
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Types of Research
Analytical
- Historical - Philosophic - Reviews - Researc
h synthesis
Descriptive research
- Questionnaire - Interview - Normative survey
(continued)
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Types of Research
Other types of descriptive research
- Case study - Job analysis - Observational
research - Developmental studies - Correlational
studies - Epidemiologic research
Experimental research - establishes cause and
effect
Qualitative research interviews, observations
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Model for Research
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Parts of a Thesis
Proposal Research plan
Completing the thesis
- Chapter 4 Results - Chapter 5 Discussion