L-24 Revolutionary Situation 1895-1904

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L-24 Revolutionary Situation1895-1904

• 4. Liberation Movement

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Themes

• Paradigm
• 1895 no party, no idea, no base
• 1904 parties, ideologies, mass base
• All-nation Liberation Movementall classes, all
  ethnic groups against autocracy
• Liberationists/Revolutionaries Profile
• Liberals moderates to radicals
• Populists rearmed, redefined
• Marxists uniting, dividing

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A. Intelligentsia Revolutionaries and
Liberationists

1. Intelligentsia spectrum
2. Growth
3. Democratization

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Table 1Number Arrested Per Annum
Period Annual Average of Revolutionaries Arrested
1884-1890 615
1901-1903 2598
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Table 2Revolutionaries Social Origins
Estate 1884-1890 1901-3
Nobility 31 11
Clergy 6 2
Merchants 12 4
Townspeople 28 44
Peasants 19 37
Other 4 2
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Table 3Revolutionaries Education
Education 1884-1890 1901-3
University 34 12
Secondary 33 13
Elementary 12 33
Literate 13 30
Illiterate 7 12
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Table 4Revolutionaries Occupation
Occupation 1884-1890 1901-3
Student 26 10
White-collar 12 11
Civil servant 6 2
Private sector 11 7
Agriculture 7 10
Worker 16 47
Trade 4
Other 20 9
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B. Liberal Society

1. From society to civil society
2. Constituency landowners and professionals
3. Zemtsy moderate zemstvo movement
4. Union of Liberation

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Liberal Leadership

• Ivan I.
• Petrunkevich

• Sergei A.
• Muromtsev

• Pavel N.
• Miliukov

• Petr B.
• Struve

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Zemstvo Doctor (1900)
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C. Neo-Populism PSR

1. Populists of 1870s mass base or terror?
2. Crisis of the 1890s
3. Refurbishing populism
4. PSR mass base and terror

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The Arrest of a PropagandistRepin, 1892
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PSR Leaders

• Victor
• Chernov

• Boris
• Savinkov

• Grigorii A.
• Gershuni

• Evno
• Azef

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D. Marxism

1. Foundations
2. Breakthrough, formation of RSDLP
3. Crisis of Russian Social Democracy
4. Schism Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

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Karl Marx in Russian Das Kapital (1872)
Communist Manifesto (1882)
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First Wave of Russian Marxists

• Georgii V.
• Plekhanov

• Aleksandr
• Potresov

• Vera
• Zasulich

• Pavel B.
• Akselrod

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St. Petersburg Union for the Liberation of Labor
(1896)
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Ulianov Family, 1879
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Vladimir I. (Ulianov) Lenin

• 1886

• 1917

• 1896

• 1924

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Lenins What Is To Be Done? The Most Painful
Questions of Our Movement (1902)
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Prominent Social Democrats

• Nadezhda
• Krupskaia

• Lev
• Trotsky

• Iulii
• Martov

• Iosif
• Stalin