CE 394K.2 Surface Water Hydrology

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CE 394K.2 Surface Water Hydrology

• Lecture 1 Introduction to the course
• Readings for today
• Applied Hydrology, Chapter 1
• Integrated Observatories to support Integrated
  Environmental Science by L. Douglas James, NSF

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CUAHSI Hydrologic Information Systems
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1. Hydrologic Observations Database
Hydrologic System
Sampling
Sensing
Transmission
Recording
Laboratory Analysis
Transmission
Recording
Editing
Storage
Off-Site Measurement
On-Site Measurement
Retrieval
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2. Hydrologic Representation
Hydrologic Observation Data
Geospatial Data
(GIS)
(Relational database or delimited ascii)
Digital Watershed
Remote Sensing Data
Weather and Climate Data
(NetCDF)
(EOS-HDF)
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3.Hydrologic Analysis
Statistics and Hypothesis Testing
Hydrologic Process Modeling
Digital Watershed
Visualization
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Our major focus will be on the computation of
water balances
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Hydrologic Data Model
Hydrologic Fluxes and Flows
Digital Watershed(Atmospheric, surface and
subsurface water)
We need to represent the physical environment
and water flowing through it
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Digital WatershedAn implementation of the
CUAHSI Hydrologic Data Model for a particular
region
Created first for the Neuse basin
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Arc Hydro Geodatabase model for water resources

• Customization of ArcGIS for water resources.
• Public domain data model and toolset
• Stores time series as well as geospatial data
• Attach remote sensing and climate model files
  using links
• Integrate data into a coherent space-time
  framework

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http//neuse.crwr.utexas.edu/
ArcIMS Web Server displaying data compiled in
Neuse HO Planning Study
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Unidata Atmospheric Science
Precipitable water in the atmosphere
Cross-section of relative humidity
Wind vectors and wind speed (shading)
Images created using Unidatas Integrated Data
Viewer (IDV)
Unidata delivers real-time weather data
including Nexrad to more than 100 universities
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Neuse Basin Coastal aquifer system
Section line
Beaufort Aquifer
From USGS, Water Resources Data Report of North
Carolina for WY 2002
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San Marcos Basin
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USGS Stream Gaging Stations
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922 km2
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1071 km2
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290 km2
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125 km2
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2178 km2
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Downloaded Stream Gage Data
San Marcos River at Luling, Texas San Marcos River at Luling, Texas San Marcos River at Luling, Texas
agency_cd site_no datetime Stage Discharge
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 000 8.53 1120
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 015 8.56 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 030 8.53 1120
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 045 8.55 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 100 8.54 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 115 8.51 1120
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 130 8.56 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 145 8.55 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 200 8.55 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 215 8.57 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 230 8.54 1130
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 245 8.53 1120
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 300 8.5 1110
USGS 8172000 12/18/2004 315 8.5 1110
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Surface and Groundwater Flow
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Issues

• Does the streamflow per unit area varying by
  location in the basin?
• What is the residence time for surface water flow
  in the basin?
• What is the residence time for groundwater flow
  draining out at San Marcos springs?
• Can we meaningfully separate surface and
  groundwater flow?

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NCDC Rain Gages(historical daily rainfall data)
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Real-time Radar rainfall data
http//www.srh.noaa.gov/radar/latest/DS.p19r0/si.k
ewx.shtml
Station KWEX Austin-New Braunfels Radar
reflectivity in DBZ
Ground clutter
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Time Coordination
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
We are 6 hours behind UTC when on
Central Standard Time
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http//setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/utc.html
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http//www.srh.noaa.gov/wgrfc/
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Issues

• How accurate is radar precipitation estimation?
• How can we get the data?
• How do we archive the data since the files are so
  large?
• Can we use these data to make reasonable water
  balances with streamflow?

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http//wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/rreanl/index.htm
l
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Forecast Precipitation and Weather from the ETA
Model
http//coolwx.com/ptype/
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http//www.unidata.ucar.edu/
Integrated Data Viewer viewer for climate and
weather information
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Issues

• Can we get weather and climate grids from these
  data sources?
• Can we incorporate these data into computed water
  balances?
• Is this a reasonable way to account for
  evaporation?
• How does climate model preciptation compare with
  Nexrad?