Title: Faculty: Dr' Alvin Fox
1 ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, VIBRIO, CAMPYLOBACTER AND
HELICOBACTER (1)
Faculty Dr. Alvin Fox
2Key Words
Opportunistic diseases Shigella Diarrhea
Bacillary dysentery Dysentery Shiga
toxin Urinary tract infections Salmonella
enteritidis Lactose positive/negative
Salmonellosis Enteropathogenic E. coli
Salmonella cholerae-suis Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Salmonella typhi Heat stable toxin
Typhoid Heat labile toxin Vi Enteroinvasive
E. coli Yersinia entercolitica
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Vibrio cholerae Vero
toxin (Shiga-like) Choleragen (cholera
toxin) Hemolysin Campylobacter
jejuni pili Helicobacter pylori
3Opportunistic diseases -Enterobacteriaceae
- septicemia,
- pneumonia,
- meningitis
- urinary tract infections
Citrobacter Enterobacter Escherichia Hafnia Morgan
ella Providencia Serratia
4Enterobacteriaceae
- gastrointestinal diseases
- Escherichia coli
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Yersinia entercolitica
5Reiter's syndrome
- Histocompatibility antigen (HLA) B27
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Yersinia
- Non-Enterobacteriaceae
- Campylobacter
- Chlamydia
6Enterobacteriaceae
- community acquired
- otherwise healthy people
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- respiratory diseases
- prominent capsule
- urinary tract infection
- fecal contamination
- E. coli
- Proteus
- urease (degrades urea)
- alkaline urine
7Enterobacteriaceae
- gram negative facultative anaerobic rods
- oxidase negative (not cytochrome oxidase)
8Feces
- E. coli
- lactose positive
- not usually identified
- lactose positive sp. common, healthy intestine
- Shigella, Salmonella,Yersinia
- lactose negative
- identified
9Enterobacteriaceae
- other sites
- identified biochemically
10Serotypes
- reference laboratory
- antigens
- O (lipopolysaccharide)
- H (flagellar)
- K (capsular)
11Diarrhea and Dysentery
12 Caption E. coli
Escherichia coli
13Escherichia coli
- E. coli and Shigella
- genetically very similar
- many similarities in diseases
14Enteropathogenic E. coli
- destruction of surface microvilli
- fever
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- nausea
- non-bloody stools
Gut lumen
15Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- diarrhea like cholera
- milder
- travellers diarrhea
16Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- Heat labile toxin
- like choleragen
- Adenyl cyclase activated
- cyclic AMP
- secretion water/ions
- Heat stable toxin
- Guanylate cyclase activated
- cyclic GMP
- uptake water/ions
17Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC )
- Dysentery
- - resembles shigellosis
Gut lumen
18Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Flagella
19Transmission meat products or
sewage-contaminated vegetables
- Hemorrhagic
- bloody, copious diarrhea
- few leukocytes
- afebrile
- hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- hemolytic anemia
- thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
- kidney failure
20Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
- Vero toxin
- shiga-like
- Hemolysins
21Treatment -gastrointestinal disease
- fluid replacement
- antibiotics
- not used usually unless systemic
- e.g. hemolytic-uremia syndrome
22E. coli fimbriae
Type 1
mannose
P
- galactose
- glycolipids
- glycoproteins
23Shigella
Modified from Fig, Dennis Kunkel
24Shigella
- S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae
- bacillary dysentery
- shigellosis
- bloody feces
- intestinal pain
- pus
25Shigellosis
- within 2-3 days
- epithelial cell damage
Gut lumen
26Shiga toxin
- enterotoxic
- cytotoxic
- inhibits protein synthesis
- lysing 28S rRNA
27Shigellosis
- man only "reservoir"
- mostly young children
- fecal to oral contact
- children to adults
- transmitted by adult food handlers
- unwashed hands
28Treating shigellosis
- manage dehydration
- patients respond to antibiotics
- disease duration diminished
29Salmonella
30Salmonella
- 2000 antigenic "types
- genetically single species
- S. enterica
- disease category
- S. enteritidis
- many serotypes
- S. cholerae-suis
- S. typhi
31Salmonellosis
- S. enteritidis
- the common salmonella infection
- poultry, eggs
- no human reservoir
- Gastroenteritis
- nausea
- vomiting
- non-bloody stool
- self-limiting (2 - 5 days)
32Salmonellosis
Gut lumen
uncomplicated cases (the vast majority)
antibiotic therapy not useful
33S. cholerae-suis
- much less common
- septicemia
- antibiotic therapy essential