Your Partners for the Road Ahead

1
NEXTECH
and
Carman Scan VG
Your Partners for the Road Ahead!
2
What is the advantage of a Combination
Data Scanner / Oscilloscope over a basic Data
Scanner?
A basic Data Scanner can perform the following
functions

• Read and Erase Fault codes

• Display Current Data to verify a fault exists.

• Perform Actuation tests.

However, determining whether a fault is caused by
a component failure, a wiring fault or a faulty
ECM requires more than just a Scanner.
The Carman Scan 1 and Carman Scan VG provide the
technician with a complete solution for
Diagnostics.
3
The use of an Oscilloscope is a necessity
for pinpointing vehicle faults.
During the course we will be studying the
operation of the VG as well as the correct
procedures required for testing a number of
common components.
4
THE CARMAN SCAN VG TRAINING COURSE 1
OSCILLOSCOPE TRAINING
5
THE OSCILLOSCOPE
6

Hz
m/s
8v
6v
VOLTAGE
4v
2v
0v
TIME
Hz Frequency (Number of Pulses per second).
Duty Cycle (On/Off Ratio).
m/s Time measurement.
7
The Lab Scope is one of the most valuable
diagnostic tools available to the modern workshop
today.

• It is commonly used to check
• Supply voltage
• Voltage Drops (in power and earth circuits).
• AC Waveforms
• DC Waveforms (Square waves etc.)
• Pulse Signals

8
TYPICAL AC WAVEFORM
v
0 v
- v
AC Waveforms are generated from such devices
as Alternators (before rectification) Crank
Angle Sensors TDC Sensors Vehicle Speed
Sensors Transmission Pulse Generators
9
TYPICAL SQUARE WAVEFORM
OFF
5 v
GROUND SWITCHED SIGNAL Duty Cycle 50
0 v
ON
ON
5 v
POSITIVELY SWITCHED SIGNAL Duty Cycle 50
0 v
OFF
Square Waveforms are commonly used for inputs
such as Crank Angle Sensors, Camshaft Sensors,
TDC Sensors, Vehicle Speed Sensors, MAP Sensors
(Ford), Air Flow Sensors or outputs such as Idle
Speed Control Motors
10
TYPICAL PULSE WAVEFORM
VOLTAGE SPIKE
SOLENOID PULSE SIGNAL
12 v
0 v
Typical Solenoid Pulses include Injectors
Canister Purge Solenoids etc.
11
SECONDARY IGNITION OSCILLOSCOPE
12
Typical Secondary Ignition Patterns
13
Secondary Ignition Specifications
Ionization (Peak)Voltage
Decay Section
Burn Voltage
Dwell
Burn Time
Specifications Idle, No load
Ionization (Peak)Voltage 7-15 KV
Burn Voltage 1-2 KV
Dwell Depends on RPM
Burn Time 1-2 m/s
14
Carman Scan VG
Oscilloscope Operation
15
Selecting Secondary Ignition
16
Selecting Secondary Ignition
Touch the OSCILLOSCOPE Icon.
17
Selecting Secondary Ignition
Touch theIgnition Waveform Icon.
18
Selecting Secondary Ignition
Select the number of cylinders to be tested.
19
Selecting Secondary Ignition type
Select the type of Ignition and the approximate
idle speed.
20
Selecting Secondary Ignition firing order
Select the correct firing order from the list or
make a new one using the numbers in other.
21
Selecting Secondary Ignition Probe Type
Press SAVE when completed
Select the correct probe. E.g. 1 to1 when using
a single probe, or 1 to 3 / 1 to 4 for
Multi-Probes (DLI Ignition etc.)
22
Special Note DLI Vehicles
Conventional Ignition vehicles are normally
Negative firing, and, therefore, the spark
plugs fire from the centre electrode to the
outer electrode of the plug.
On DLI, Waste Spark vehicles, half of the
cylinders are Negative firing, and therefore
fire from the centre electrode to the outer
electrode of the spark plug, whilst the other
half of the cylinders (their mating cylinders)
are Positive, firing from the outer electrode
to the centre electrode.
Please refer to the following diagram.
23
Distributor-less Ignition Operation
Electron Flow
24
Conventional Ignition
When connecting the VG to a conventional Ignition
Vehicle, the Secondary Ignition pickup lead is
connected to Channel 2 of the VG and the 1
Trigger lead is connected to Channel 3
DLI Waste Spark Ignition
When connecting the VG to a DLI Vehicle, the
Positive cylinders are connected to Channel 1
and the Negative cylinders, connected to
Channel 2. The 1 Trigger lead is connected to
Channel 3 as usual.
25
Determining the Positive and Negative firing
cylinders
If unsure which cylinders are Positive firing and
which are Negative firing, simply take ONE
secondary pickup lead and connect it to Channel 1
or Channel 2 of the VG.
With the engine running, place the secondary
pickup lead around one cylinder at a time. Any
cylinders that produce an ignition pattern facing
up the correct way on the scope are the correct
Polarity for that channel.
Any cylinders displaying an upside down pattern
are incorrect polarity and therefore belong the
the other Channel.
Please refer to the following diagrams.
26
Correct Polarity for the channel selected.
Correct Polarity.
Note, the Ignition pattern is displayed the
correct way up.
27
Incorrect Polarity for the channel selected.
Connect this Cylinder to the other channel.
Incorrect Polarity.
Note, the Ignition pattern is displayed upside
down.
28
Demonstration here of determining correct Polarity
29
SPLIT SCREEN (Default Screen) Parade Single
Cylinder
Note This is a Waste Spark DIS vehicle.
Mating Cylinders are 14 36 52.
30
Screen Settings
31
Screen Settings
Sets the Voltage Scale for the Parade and
Single Cylinder Patterns.
Sets the Time Base for the Parade Pattern only.
Sets the Trigger Level. Adjust whenever
Patterns are erratic or Cylinder s are
erratic or missing.
Allows the user to select which Single Cylinder
will be displayed on the screen.
Allows the screen to be changed to display the
patterns as either Series(Parade), Single
Cylinder, Trend Plot or 3D.
Turns the Information display on or off.
32
Demonstration here of effects of incorrect
Trigger level
33
Selecting a new Single Cylinder to be displayed
To Select a new single cylinder, press
CYLINDER, then press the cylinder
34
Selecting a new Single Cylinder
6 Selected
To Select one of the other two cylinders, press
MORE.
35
Selecting a new Single Cylinder
3 Selected
Selecting other Cylinders for display.
36
Demonstration here of Selecting a New Single
Cylinder for Display
37
Changing Screen Displays
38
Selecting new screen displays
To select new screen displays, Touch SCREEN
39
Series (Parade) Selected
Touching SERIES displays the above Pattern
40
Single Cylinder Selected
Touching CYLINDER displays the above Pattern
41
Selecting a New Single Cylinder
42
Single Cylinder Selected
To display a different cylinder, press
and then press CYLINDER.
43
Selecting a new Single Cylinder
After pressing CYLINDER, press the Cylinder
required.
44
Selecting a new Single Cylinder
To select a new cylinder, Touch the cylinder
required.
45
Trend Plots
46
Trend Selected
Cylinder s
Peak Voltage
Peak Voltage for each cylinder is being
displayed on the right
47
Trend Selected
Dwell
Dwell Time for each cylinder is now being
displayed on the right
48
Trend Selected
Burn Voltage
Burn Voltage for each cylinder is now being
displayed on the right
49
Trend Selected
Burn Time
Burn Time for each cylinder is now being
displayed on the right
50
3 Dimensional Raster Patterns
51
3D (3 Dimensional) Raster or ladder Pattern
Selected
Touching 3D displays the above Pattern
52
Demonstration here of Changing Screen Displays
53
Display for Open Circuit HT Lead
54
Split Screen with open circuit HT lead on 5
Cylinder
High Burn KV.
Note High Burn KV shown above.
55
Series Screen with open circuit HT lead on 5
Cylinder
High Peak KV High Burn KV
Also note faulty pattern on 2 Cylinder (DIS
mating cylinder for 5)
56
Single Cylinder with open circuit HT lead on
5 Cylinder
Note High Peak Volts, High Burn Volts and Short
Burn Time.
57
Trend Plot with open circuit HT lead on 5
Cylinder
High Peak KV
High Peak KV
High Peak KV
Short Burn Time
High Burn KV
Note High Peak Voltage, High Burn Voltage and Low
Burn Time on cylinders 5 and 2
58
3D Screen with open circuit HT lead on 5
Cylinder
Note High Peak KV, High Burn KV and Short Burn
Time on Cylinders 5 and 2
59
Other Faulty Ignition Patterns
High Resistance in HT Lead (High Negative Slope,
with normal peak KV)
Fouled Spark Plug or HT Leakage (High Negative
Slope, with low peak KV)
Lean Cylinder under Acceleration (High Positive
Slope, under load)
60
Student Practical Testing Secondary Ignition
61
Oscilloscope Operation
VG LABSCOPE
For the remainder of the course, all waveforms
will be displayed live on your VG. Please follow
setup screens as shown on the following slides.
62
Selecting Lab Scope
Touch the OSCILLOSCOPE Icon.
63
Selecting Auto Setup
Touch theAuto Setup Icon.
64
Selecting Auto Setup
Select the type of signal to be tested and the
channel to be used.
65
Selecting Auto Setup
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting the type of signal and the
channel press SAVE to progress to Lab Scope
screen.
66
Testing Crankshaft Position Sensors (Hall type)
Engine idling
20 m/s time-base is set for testing during
crank conditions. If testing with the engine
running reduce the time base.
To change the time-base, touch the side arrows or
select SET TIME
67
Testing Crankshaft Position Sensors (Hall type)
Engine idling
To change the voltage level, touch the up/down
arrows or select SET VOLT
68
Testing Crankshaft Position Sensors (Hall type)
Voltage scale set to 2v (per division)
Time-base adjusted to 2 m/s (per division) for
testing with the engine running.
Cylinder ID Signal.
Typical Crank Angle Sensor signal at idle.
69
Changing the Screen Settings.
Changing the Screen settings To change the
screen settings touch SCREEN
70
Changing the Screen Settings.
Changing the Screen settings Waveform only
Screen selected
71
Changing the Screen Settings.
Digital readings displayed
Changing the Screen settings Digital Display
Screen selected
72
Changing the Screen Settings.
Changing the Screen settings To change grid
settings touch GRID
73
Changing the Screen Settings.
To change the grid settings, select one of the
above on the left.
74
Changing the Screen Settings.
To remove the grid (as seen above), touch
75
Changing the Screen Settings.
To display quarter grid (as seen above), touch
76
Selecting a second channel
77
Selecting a second channel for testing
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting the second channel press SAVE
to progress to Lab Scope screen.
78
Testing Crankshaft and Camshaft Position Sensors
(Hall type)
Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP).
Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP).
79
Testing Crankshaft and Camshaft Position Sensors
(Hall type)
Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP).
Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP).
5 m/s time base selected
80
Faulty Crank Angle Sensor Signals
81
Faulty Crank Angle Sensor Signal during crank.
At first glance this pattern looks quite normal,
however, if you study it closely you will see
its definitely not normal.
Problem was caused by a faulty Crank Angle Sensor
Approx 1.0v
Ground 0v
The vehicle here would not start as the hall
sensor failed to switch the signal fully to
ground (0v). Because of this, the ECM would not
fire the Ignition.
82
Faulty Sensor signal captured on Carman Scan 1
Duty cycle varying.
(Should have been a constant 50 duty cycle on
this vehicle)
The uneven duty cycle resulted in dramatic
ignition timing problems, causing backfiring,
misfiring and impossible driving conditions.
Problem was caused by a brand new faulty Crank
Angle Sensor.
83
Recording
Please Note
1. The VG is always recording whilst in the Lab
Scope mode.
2. To end the recording, Press STOP.
3. If STOP is pressed before the full record
time has elapsed, the VG will display a
message to say it is saving data, please wait
4. The length of the record time will depend on
the time base selected.
84
Recording waveforms
To stop waveform recording, press STOP
85
Recording waveforms
After pressing STOP, the above message will be
displayed
86
Replaying the recorded waveform.
87
Replaying recorded waveforms
Progression indicator.
To replay the waveforms, Press the left arrow.
88
Recording waveforms
Waveform Paused.
To Pause the waveforms, Press the Pause.
89
Recording waveforms
To Save Recorded waveforms to the VG hard drive,
Press FILE.
90
Recording waveforms
After pressing SAVE the above message will be
displayed whilst saving.
Previously saved recordings can be found by
pressing OPEN.
91
Zooming recorded waveforms
Time base zoom
Voltage zoom
Previously recorded waveforms can be Zoomed in
or out for better viewing by pressing ZOOM.
92
Recording waveforms
Waveforms can be zoomed, both in voltage and
time, by touching the arrows above.
93
Recording waveforms
Note here that the time base has been divided by
2, making the time base 5 ms / div instead of 10
ms as it was when recorded. It may also be
multiplied
94
Recording waveforms
Note here that the voltage scale has been
multiplied by 2, making the Voltage 1v / div
instead of 2v as it was when recorded.
95
Trigger Settings
Before discussing the various possible trigger
settings available on the Carman Scan VG, it
should be noted that in most cases the VG user
doesnt have to make any changes at all to
trigger settings.
This Powerful, user friendly Oscilloscope
automatically sets all the basic scope settings
ready for testing by any user, whether highly
experienced or a total novice.
96
Setting a Trigger point on an Oscilloscope, gives
the scope a reference point at which to start
the pattern display on the screen.
The trigger point can be set at any position, and
on any channel of the scope.
An example of using a trigger would be When
displaying Secondary Ignition patterns, the
trigger pickup is attached to 1 HT lead.
This means that the first cylinder to be
displayed on the screen will be 1 (the trigger
cylinder) followed by the remaining cylinders in
the firing order. If we removed the trigger
pickup, the patterns may still be displayed,
however, there would be no way of identifying
the correct cylinders on the screen as the scope
would have no reference point.
97
When using a Lab scope, setting a trigger point
will keep the pattern steady on the screen.
If measuring signals on more than one channel at
a time, the trigger can be set on any channel.
Triggered signals on one channel can be
referenced against signals on other channels
for exact timing etc.
E.G.1 Using a Trigger pickup on 1 HT lead, you
can reference exactly when 1 spark plug or coil
is being fired in relation to the Crankshaft
Position Sensor (being measured on another
channel).
E.G.2 When testing the timing of the Camshaft
Position Sensor to the Crankshaft Position
Sensor, triggering the two patterns together will
allow you to check the exact position of the
sensors in relation to each other, without
physically removing any parts.
98
Checking timing of CMP to CKP Sensors
Crankshaft (CKP) and Camshaft (CMP) Sensors.
Checking correct timing of CMP Sensor
99
Trigger Settings (Note a trigger gives the scope
a reference point, allowing the pattern to be
repeated over and over again at the same position
on the screen)
Trigger on channel 1
Making changes to the trigger settings can be
done by either touching the appropriate section
on the screen or by touching TRIGGER
100
Trigger Settings
Trigger on channel 1
To change trigger settings select one of the
above.
101
Trigger Settings After touching TRIGGER the
following selections can be made.
Trigger now on channel 2
Changing the Trigger channel - Touch CHANNEL or
touch the screen here.
102
Trigger Settings Moving the Trigger Point.
Trigger Point
Drag this to wherever you want
To move the trigger point to a new position,
simply touch the screen in the upper left section
and drag the trigger point to a new position on
the scope.
103
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Type
Triggering on a rising signal
Oscilloscope triggered on a Rising signal. To
make the oscilloscope trigger on a falling
signal, touch TYPE or touch the screen here.
104
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Type
Triggering on a falling signal
Oscilloscope now triggered on a falling signal.
105
Trigger Modes
106
The mode used to trigger the scope can be
changed to suit the user or the test being
performed.
Trigger Modes available include
1. Auto Mode (Default mode)
In this mode the VG automatically displays the
pattern, regardless of the Trigger level
selected.
2. Normal Mode
In this mode the pattern will not be displayed
until the preset trigger voltage has been
reached. If selected whilst patterns are
currently being displayed, the patterns will be
frozen on the screen until the correct trigger
level has been set.
3. Single Mode (Snap-shot mode)
In this mode the VG automatically freezes the
patterns on the screen as soon as the correct
trigger voltage has been reached.
107
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Mode.
To change the trigger mode from Auto to
Normal, touch MODE or touch the screen here.
108
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Mode.
Trigger mode changed from Auto to
Normal. Touch again to change from Normal
mode to Single mode
109
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Mode.
Trigger mode changed from Normal to Single.
110
Trigger Settings Changing the Trigger Mode.
When in Single mode, the scope will capture a
single screen shot only. To display a new screen
shot touch Run/Stop
111
Testing Injector Patterns
To test an injector pattern, connect one of the
lab scope leads to the Negative terminal of the
Injector to be tested.
112
Testing Injector Patterns
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting Inject and the Channel press
SAVE to progress to Lab Scope screen.
113
Testing Injector Patterns
Injector Off Spike ( Usually 70 100v).
Battery volts.
Battery volts.
Zero volts.
Injection Duration.
Typical Injector Pattern at Idle. To check the
exact injector duration use the Cursors.
114
Testing Injector Patterns
Curser. 1
To use the Cursers touch CURSER once to bring
up the first curser. Drag the first curser to the
start of injection. Touch CURSER again for the
second Curser. Drag the second cursor to the end
of injection.
115
Testing Injector Patterns
Second Curser.
The Injection duration (3.36 m/s is displayed as
SET TIME at the bottom of the screen. The
voltage difference is also displayed (13.25v)
116
Testing MAP and Throttle Position Sensors
Engine drivability problems can often be caused
by incorrect operation of MAP or Throttle
Position Sensors.
The Oscilloscope is an excellent way of testing
both of these sensors for correct operation.
117
Testing Throttle Position Sensor and Map Sensor
Signals
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting the second channel press SAVE
to progress to Lab Scope screen.
118
Testing Throttle Position Sensor and Map Sensor
Signals
Full Throttle
Throttle Position Sensor Signal
Map Sensor Signal
Maximum Vacuum during deceleration
Check for smooth rise and fall in signals as
accelerator is snapped open and closed.
119
Testing Throttle Position Sensor and Map Sensor
Signals
Approx 4.3v
Throttle Position Sensor Signal
Approx 0.35v
Approx 4.0v
Map Sensor Signal
Approx 1.3v
Approx 0.7v
Typical Readings.
120
Testing Idle Control Motors
Opening side
Closing side
121
Testing Idle Control Motors
With 3 wire type Idle Control Motors, the centre
terminal is usually supplied with battery volts,
while the two outside wires are switched to
ground by the ECM using a variable duty cycle at
a constant frequency.
One side is the opening side and the other is the
closing side. The duty cycle on one side is
inversely proportional to the duty cycle on the
other side.
E.g. If the duty cycle on the opening side is
70, the duty cycle on the closing side will be
30 and visa versa.
122
Testing ISC Duty Cycle Motor Type
Opening Side Approx 35
Off
On
Closing Side Approx 65
Off
On
Testing IAC Motor at hot idle with no load.
123
Testing ISC Duty Cycle Motor Type
Opening Side Approx 42
Off
On
Closing Side Approx 58
Off
On
Testing IAC Motor at hot idle with Air
Conditioning on.
124
Testing Oxygen Sensors
There are two main types of oxygen sensors used
on vehicles today.
1. Zirconium (voltage generator type)
2. Titanium (variable resistor type)
As the Oxygen sensor is such an important part of
the Closed Loop feedback system, it is
extremely important that you have a thorough
understanding of the correct testing procedures.
A faulty Oxygen Sensor not only has a detrimental
affect on vehicle emissions and fuel economy, it
can also cause dramatic drivability problems.
The following is a description of the testing
procedure for a Zirconium Oxygen Sensor.
125
Testing Oxygen Sensors
126
Selecting Oxygen Sensor Test
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting the type of oxygen sensor and the
channel Press SAVE to progress to Lab Scope
screen.
127
Good Oxygen Sensor Pattern at 2500 RPM
Rich
1 Second
5 Crossovers
Lean
The crossover is the point where the 02 sensor
signal crosses the midway (approx 500mv) point
in the signal. The oxygen sensors speed is
measured as the number of Crossovers per Second
128
Good Oxygen Sensor Pattern at Idle
1 Second
2 Crossovers
Note the slower speed of the 02 Sensor at idle.
129
Bad Oxygen Sensor Pattern at 2500 RPM
02 sensor voltage staying high (approx 800mv)
To test if the 02 sensor is causing the fault,
disconnect an injector and check for a sharp
drop in the signal. If the signal drops sharply
the 02 sensor is OK and the high signal voltage
is caused by an over rich air fuel ratio.
This may be caused by an over-rich air fuel
mixture or a faulty (possibly contaminated) 02
sensor.
130
Bad Oxygen Sensor Pattern at 2500 RPM
Sharp drop in 02 sensor voltage as injector is
disconnected
This indicates that the high voltage is caused by
an over rich air fuel ratio, not a faulty 02
sensor
131
Bad Oxygen Sensor Pattern at 2500 RPM
To test if the 02 sensor is causing the fault,
snap the throttle rapidly a few times or feed
some LPG into the intake. If the 02 sensor
voltage now increases the 02 sensor is OK and the
low signal voltage is caused by a lean air fuel
ratio.
02 sensor voltage staying low (0v)
This may be caused by a lean air fuel mixture, a
faulty 02 sensor or grounded wiring.
132
Bad Oxygen Sensor Pattern at 2500 RPM
Sharp increase in 02 sensor voltage as throttle
is snapped open a number of times.
This indicates that the low voltage is caused by
a lean air fuel ratio, not a faulty 02 sensor or
grounded wiring.
133
Current Ramping
Theres no doubt about the value of a current
probe for quick accurate diagnosis.
More and more technicians are now starting to
realise the value and are using a low current
probe to test things like

• Fuel Pump operation/wear

• Ignition coil operation/available current

• Coil on plug and DIS operation

• Injector operation/available current

134
Testing Fuel Pump Waveforms
(Using Optional Low Current probe).
To test a fuel pump waveform, connect the low
current probe around a single wire going to the
fuel pump.
The electrical condition of a fuel pump can be
assessed by viewing the current waveform for
irregularities.
Fuel Pump wear can be determined before complete
failure occurs.
135
Typical Fuel Pump Waveforms
Good Fuel Pump
Faulty Fuel Pump
Faulty Fuel Pump
136
Testing Fuel Pump condition using VG
Low current probe connected around fuel pump
power supply wiring.
Normal waveform for good Fuel Pump.
137
Testing DLI Ignition System using Low Current
Probe
Current Probe around coil power supply wire
1 Trigger Pickup Signal
1 4 Spark Plugs firing here
Dwell starts here
1/4 Coil
3/6 Coil
5/2 Coil
1/4 Crank Angle Sensor Signal from 3 x sensor
Normal waveforms.
138
AC Coupling
Every signal we have tested up to this point has
been with the Oscilloscope set to DC coupling.
DC Coupling is the Default screen and is the best
way to test most Sensors and Actuators etc.
AC Coupling can be very valuable however for
testing for noise on power supplies, checking
Alternator diodes etc. or for testing Knock
Sensor signals.
Only Channel 1 can be AC Coupled
139
Channel 1 connected to vehicle battery with DC
Coupling selected
To select AC Coupling touch AC.
Approx 14 volts
0 volts
Note Pattern is DC Coupled at this time
Note Only Channel 1 can be AC Coupled.
140
Channel 1 connected to vehicle battery with AC
Coupling selected
Pattern is now AC Coupled.
Approx 14 volts AC Coupled
Note To check for any fluctuations in battery
voltage change voltage scale to either 50m/v or
100m/v per div.
141
Channel 1 connected to vehicle battery with AC
Coupling selected
Voltage scale set to 100mv/Div
Approx 14 volts AC Coupled
Note To check condition of Diodes, load
Alternator by operating accessories. Maximum
variation should be approximately 300m/v
142
Analysing by Trouble Type
Another very Powerful feature of the Carman VG is
a feature called Analyse by Trouble Type.
With this feature, you can select from a list of
possible faults or symptoms and the VG will
automatically select the components to be tested
for analysing the fault.
Each component will be allocated a channel for
testing and the Oscilloscope channels will be set
up with appropriate voltage and time base
settings.
143
Analysing by Trouble Type
Touch theAnalyse by Trouble Type Icon.
144
Analysing by Trouble Type
Vehicle Fault
Press SAVE when completed
After selecting the type of fault, the components
requiring testing will be allocated their
channels. Next select SAVE to progress to the
Oscilloscope.
145
Analysing by Trouble Type
Next select the type of sensors on the vehicle
(highlighted in bold) and touch OK to progress
to the Oscilloscope.
146
Analysing by Trouble Type
Oscilloscope channels are now set ready for
testing of components.
147
In Conclusion
The knowledge gained by attending this course can
only be of benefit if put into practice as soon
as possible.
Specialists are not created overnight.
They are created by PRACTICE and the willing to
learn.
Diagnostics is not magic, it perfected by
applying BASICS.
A knowledge of how a system or component operates
is one of the most valuable tools when trying to
diagnose a problem.
Study the operation of various components and you
will find that it wont matter what type of
vehicle you are working on. They all operate in a
very similar manner.
148
Nextech
and Carman Scan VG
Your Partners for the Road Ahead!