Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Muscular Training Principles and Adaptations

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Metabolic, Cardiovascular,and MuscularTraining
Principles and Adaptations

• Chapters 8, 9, 21

Exercise Physiology Theory Application to
Fitness and Performance Sixth Edition
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Metabolic Adaptations to Chronic Aerobic Training

• Fuel Supply
• 1. Increase muscle liver glycogen reserves
• 2. Increase intramuscular TG storage and FFA
  transport utilization
• 3. Decrease rate of muscle liver glycogen
  depletion (glycogen sparing)
• 4. Decrease glucose utilization
• Enzyme Activity
• 1. Decrease in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
  activity
• 2. Increase activity of most oxidative
  metabolic enzymes

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Metabolic Adaptations to Chronic Aerobic Training

• O2 utilization and Lactic Acid Accumulation
• 1. Increase VO2max (due to increases in
  cardiac output and a-VO2 difference)
• 2. Decrease O2 deficit and drift
• 3. Increase lactate shuttle activity,
  therefore less lactate accumulation
• 4. Increase workload to achieve lactate
  threshold
• Muscle Structure
• 1. Increase capillary and mitochondria
  density
• 2. A reduction in feedback from
  chemoreceptors (less muscle inhibition)

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8-10mmHg
4-6mmHg
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Metabolic Adaptations to Chronic Resistance /
Anaerobic Training

• ATP Production Storage
• 1. Increase ATP-PC storage
• 2. Decrease depletion of PC and
  degradation of ATP at same absolute and relative
  workloads
• Enzyme Activity
• 1. Increase activity of most glycolytic
  metabolic enzymes

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Neuromuscular Adaptations to RT Programs

• Improved synchronization of motor unit
  firing
• Improved ability to recruit motor units
• Increased frequency of stimulus
• Increased firing rate

Enlargement of both ST FT fibers
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