Caffeine

1

• Chapter 12
• Caffeine

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THE FAMILY OF XANTHINES

• Caffeine --- found in coffee, tea, and chocolate
• Theobromine --- found in chocolate
• Theophylline --- found in tea

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XANTHINE LEVELS

• Coffee --- 29-176 mg of caffeine (average 100 mg)
  per 5 ounce serving
• Tea --- approximately 60 mg of caffeine, smaller
  amount of theophylline per 5 ounce serving
• Chocolate --- approximately 6 mg of caffeine and
  44 mg of theobromine per 1 ounce serving
• Soft drinks --- approximately 34-55 mg of
  caffeine per 12 ounce serving
• Energy drinks --- 72-294 mg of caffeine per 12
  ounce serving

4
MAJOR SOURCES OF COFFEE

• Coffea arabica
• Coffea robusta

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CAFFEINE LEVELS IN SOFT DRINK BRANDS
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CAFFEINE LEVELS IN OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATIONS
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CAFFEINE EFFECTS ON THE BODY

• Caffeine inhibits the effect of the inhibitory
  neurotransmitter adenosine.
• Peripheral blood vessels are dilated, cerebral
  blood vessels in the head are constricted.
• Caffeine dilates bronchial passageways.
  Theophylline has a stronger effect in this regard.

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POTENTIAL HEALTH ISSUES IN CAFFEINE USE

• Cardiovascular effects
• Osteoporosis and bone fractures
• Breast disease
• Effects during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Panic attacks

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ISSUES OF DEPENDENCE AND TOXICITY

• Caffeine tolerance
• Caffeine withdrawal effects
• Caffeine craving
• Acute caffeine intoxication

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CAFFEINE LEVELS IN ENERGY DRINKS