IRAQ ICARDA AUSTRALIA Project ACIAR CIM 2004 024

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IRAQ- ICARDA AUSTRALIA Project(ACIAR CIM /
2004 / 024)
Results of the Project Better Crop Germplasm
and Management For Improved Production Of Wheat
and Barley
Implemented by DOA in Ninevah Mosul Univ.
Project CoordinatorDr.Salih M.Bader (MOA)
Prepared and presented byDr Abdulsattar A.
ALRijaboProject manager (Ninevah)2006 / 2007
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The Study Implemented by Staff Members of DOA in
Ninevah Staff Members of Mosul Univ.
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Introduction

• Nineveh governorate is considered a rain fed area
  where most of the agricultural area depends
  totally on rainfall. The rain fed area was
  classified into three zones according to the
  amount of rainfall they are HRA, MRALRA.
• In order to develop the agricultural
  process in the governorate , an extension
  research project was undertaken in coordination
  between the Iraqi MOA / DOA (Nineveh) and the
  international center for agriculture research in
  the dry area (ICARDA) . the aim of the project
  was to improve cereal and legume production in
  the rain fed area in Nineveh governorate through
  the introduction of suitable varieties for each
  area along with the use of new agricultural
  technologies to reduce the production cost to
  minimum and to ensure better crop . The final
  goal is to encourage farmers to adopt these
  technologies in order to improve their
  production.

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Materials and Methods

• The above mentioned activities were comparing
  with the traditional farming method of the
  farmer, the farmer was supplied with the same
  varieties and seed used in the demonstration
  treatment.
• The tables also show soil texture, and average
  annual rainfall.
• The following traits were studied, the data were
  collected from 3 random replicates, each
  replicate was one square meter.

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Materials and Methods

• The experimental design for this factorial
  experiment was RCBD with 3 replicates, and we
  used Duncan Test for testing significantly
  between date results.
• All data analyzed by computer program in agric
  college by Dr. Salim Hummadi Anter.

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Materials and Methods

• 1- plant height (cm) measuring height of (10)
  plant for each replicate and the mean was then
  calculated .
• 2-straw biomass (gm/m2) the straw for each
  replicate was weighted ? and the mean was then
  calculated .
• 3-No. spikes/m2 calculations the number of
  spikes /m2 for the four replicates and the mean
  was then calculated .
• 4. No seeds /spike calculations the number of
  seeds for ten spike from each replicate , and the
  mean was then calculated .

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Materials and Methods

• 5-weight of 1000 grains (gm) calculations grain
  weight of (1000) grains from each replicate and
  the mean was then calculated .
• 6-specific weight (kg/hectoliter) calculations
  the specific weight for four replicates if it is
  available and the mean was then calculated
• 7-weight of grains (gm/m2) grain Yield of the
  four one square meter replicates , and the mean
  was then calculated .
• 8.grains Yield (kg/hectar) After harvesting the
  total area and measuring the actual weight of
  grains .

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Table of soil Texture at locations

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Fig. (A ) The total amount monthly rainfall in
the LRA area
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Fig. (B ) The total amount monthly rainfall in
the MRA area
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Fig. (C ) The total amount monthly rainfall in
the HRA area
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Alhamidat Total 337
Alnamroud Total 240
Rabiaa Total 232
Fig. (D ) The total amount monthly rainfall in
the SI area
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A - EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND
YIELD TRAITS OF BARLEY IN (LRA) LOCATIONS.
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A-1- Grain yield Trait. A-1-1-Grain Yield (g/m2)
Trait As shown in Table (1) the best results of
grains yield(gm/m2) in factors and interactions
are summarized bellows Planting Methods ( P )
Z.T Planting Method. Cultivars ( C ) Local
block and Zanbaka(N.S.) Locations ( L )
TellAbta Location. L C interaction Zanbaka
in Tell Abta location. L P interaction Z.T.
in Tell Abta location . C P interaction
Zanbaka under Z.T planting method L C P
interaction Zanbaka under Z.T and con.
Planting methods ? and local black under Z.T
planting method (N.S) in TellAbta locations .
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• A-1-2-Grains Yield (Kg/Hectar) Trait
• As shown in Fig (1) the best results of grains
  yield(468kg/hec) in Zanbaka under Z.T planting
  method then (444kg/hec) in local black under Z.T.
  planting method in Tell Abta location .

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A-2- No. of Spikes /m2 As shown in Table (2)
the best results of No. of spikes/ m2 in factors
and interactions are summarized bellows (
P ) Z.T. ( C ) Local Black (
L ) Tell Abta L C Local Black in Tell
Abta L P Z.T. in tell Abta C P Local
Black and Zanbaka(N.S) under Z.T . L C P
Local Black then Zanbaka under Z.T. in Tell Abta
.
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A-3-Weight of 1000 Grains (gm) As shown in
Table (3) the best results of Weight of 1000
Grains (gm)in factors and interactions are
summarized bellows ( P ) all
planting methods (N.S.) ( C ) Zanbaka
and Local black (N.S.) ( L ) Tell
Abta L C Zanbaka in Tell Abta
L P Z.T. in Tell Abta C P
Zanbaka under Z.T. L C P Zanbaka under
Z.T. in Tell Abta
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A-4-No. of Grains/spike . As shown in Table (4)
the best results of No. of grains/spike in
factors and interactions are summarized
bellows ( P ) Chisel. ( C ) Local black
and Zanbaka (N.S.). ( L ) Tell Abta. L C
Zanbaka in Tell Abta. L P Con. And Z.T.
in Tell Abta (N.S). C P Zanbaka under
Chisel. L C P Zanbaka under Chisel in
Mahalabia
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A 5 Straw Biomass (gm/ m2 ) As shown in
Table (5) the best results of straw biomass (gm/
m 2 ) in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Z . T. ( C ) Zanbaka . ( L
) Tell Abta . L C Zanbaka in Tell Abta
. L P Z.T. in Tell Abta. C P Zanbaka
under Z.T. and Control (N.S.) . L C P
Zanbaka under Con. planting method in Tell Abta
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A 6 Plant Height (cm) As shown in Table (6)
the best results of plant height (cm) in factors
and interactions are summarized below ( P )
Z.T. ( C ) Zanbaka. ( L ) Tell Abta . L
C Zanbaka in Tell Abta . L P Z.T. and
Con. in Tell Abta (N.S.) . C P Zanbaka under
Z.T. L C P Zanbaka under Z . T . and
Con. Planting methods
(N.S.) in Tell Abta.
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A 7 Grains Specific Weight (kg/
hectoliter) As shown in Table (7) the best
results of grains specific weight (kg/
hectoliter) in factors and interactions are
summarized below ( P ) Z . T . and Chisel
. ( C ) Local Black . ( L ) Tell Abta . L
C Local Black in Tell Abta . L P Z . T .
and Control (N.S.) in Tell Abta . C P Local
Black under Control planting method . L C P
Local Black under Con. planting method in Tell
Abta.
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B- EffECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD
TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT IN (MRA) LOCATIONS
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B-1- Grains Yield Trait . B-1-1- grains yield
(gm/m2) trait As shown in table (8) the best
results of grains yield (gm/m2) in factors and
interaction are summarized below ( P )
Chisel ( C ) Sham/6 ( L ) Tell Kief
L X C Sham/ 6 in Tell kief Location. L
X P Chisel then Z.T in TellKief location.
C X P Sham/6 under Chisel planting location
. L X C XP Sham/6 under Chisel in Tell Kief
location
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• B-1-2 grains yield (Kg/hectar) trait
• As shown in Fig (2) the best result of grains
  yield is (1480 Kg/hec.)in Sham/6 under Chisel
  planting method then (1440 kg/hec.) in
  Tellaffer/3 under Chisel planting method in Tell
  Kief location.

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B-2-No.of Spikes /m2 As shown in table (9) the
best result of No. of spikes /m2 in factors and
interaction are summarized below ( P )
Chisel ( C ) Sham/6 ( L)
Al-Hamdania L X C Sham/6 in
AL-Hamdania Location. L X P Z.T. in
AL-Hamdania Location. C X P Sham/6 in
under Chisel. L X C XP Sham/6 under Con.
Planting method in
AL-Hamdania Location.
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B-3-Weight of 1000 grains (gm) As shown in
table (10) the best result of weight of 1000
grains (gm) in factors and interactions are
summarized below ( P ) Z.T.
( C ) Abo Ghariab. ( L ) Tell
Kief. L X C Sham/6 and Abo Ghariab in
Tellkief (N.S.). (Note the
height value in Tell Affer cultivar ) L
X P Chisel in Tell Kief Location. C X
P Abo Gharib under Z.T. L X C X P Sham/6
under Chisel and Z.T. and Abo Ghariab
under Con. Planting method in Tell
KiefLocation. (Note the
height value in Tell affer cultivar under Con.
And Z.T.)
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B-4 No of grains /spike As shown in table
(11) the best results of No. of grains/spike in
factors and interaction are summarized below (
P ) Z.T. (C ) Abo Ghariab. ( L) Tell
Kief. L X C Abo Ghariab in Tell kief . L X P
Z.T in Tell Kief. C X P Abo Ghariab under
Chisel . L X C XP Abo Ghariab under Chisel in
Tellkief locatio
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B-5 Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in table
(12) the best results of straw biomass (gm/m2) in
factors and interaction are summarized below
( P ) Chisel. ( C ) Abo
Ghariab. ( L ) Bashyqa. L X
C Abo Ghariab in Bashyqa . (Note the
height value in Tell Affer cultivar ) L X
P chisel in Bashyqa C X P Abo
Ghariab under chisel . L X C XP Abo Ghariab
under chisel and Z.T. in Bashyqa
(Note the height value in Tell affer cultivar
under Con. And Chisel)
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B-6 Plant height (cm) As shown in table (13)
the best results of plant height (cm) in factors
and interaction are summarized below
( P ) Z.T. ( C ) Abo Ghariab.
( L ) Tell kief L X C Abo
Ghariab in Tell kief . (Note the height
value in Tell Affer cultivar ) L X P
Z.T in Tell kief C X P Abo Ghariab
under Z.T. L X C X P Abo Ghariab under Z.T in
Tellkief location. (Note the
height value in Tell affer cultivar under all
planting methods)
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B-7 Grains Specific weight (Kg/hectoliter) As
shown in table (14) the best results of this
trait in factors and interaction are summarized
below ( P ) All planting methods
(N.S.) ( C ) Sham/6 and Abo Ghariab
(N.S.) ( L ) Al Hamdania L
X C Abo Ghariab in Al Hamdania. L X P
Chisel in Al Hamdania. C X P Sham/6
under Chisel and Abo Ghariab under Z.T. L X C X
P Abo Ghariab under Chisel in Al Hamdania
location.
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C EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND
YIELD TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT IN (MRA)LOCATIONS
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C 1- Grains Yield Trait As shows in Table
(15) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel . ( C ) OM Rabia and Karonia ( N. S.
) ( L ) Tell kief L C Karonia in
Tell kief . L P Chisel in Tell kief. C
P Karonia under Chisel Planting method . L C
P Karonia under Chisel then Z .T . in Tell
kief location .
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• C- 1 2 grains yield (kg/ hectar) trait
• As shown in Fig (3) the best results of grains
  yield is (1360 kg/ hec) in Karonia under Z .T .
  planting method in Tell kief location .

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C 2 No . of Spikes/ m2 As shown in Table
(16) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below (
P ) Chisel . ( C ) OM Rabia .
( L ) AL Ham dania . L C OM Rabia
in Al Hamdania location . L C Chisel
in Al Hamdania location . C P OM Rabia
under Chisel planting method . L C P OM
Rabia under Chisel planting method in
Al Hamdania location.
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C 3 Weight of 1000 Grains (gm)
As shown in Table (17) the best results of this
trait in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Control planting method
. ( C ) Karonia . ( L )
Tell kief . L C Karonia then OM Rabia
in Tell kief . L P Z .T . and Chisel
and con. in Tell kief . C P Karonia
under Chisel and OM Rabia under Con. L C P
Karonia under Z .T . and Chisel and Con in
Tell kief location.
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C 4 No . of Grains/ Spike As shown in Table
(18) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Z . T . and Chisel . ( C )
Karonia . ( L ) Tell Kief .
L C Karonia in Tell kief . L P
Z .T . in Tell kief . C P Karonia
under Z .T . L C P Karonia under Z .T .
in Tell kief .
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C 5 Straw Biomass (gm/ m2 ) As shown in
Table (19) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Chisel . ( C
) Karonia and OM Rabia (N . S .) . (
L ) Tell Kief . L C OM Rabia in Al
Hamdania and Karonia in Tell kief L P
Chisel in Tell kief . C P Om Rabia
under Chisel. L C P Om Rabia under Chisel
In Al-Hamadania.
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C 6 Plant Height (cm) As shown in Table
(20) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Chisel . ( C ) Karonia .
( L ) Tell Kief . L C Karonia in
Tell kief . L P Z.T. and Chisel in
Tell kief . C P Karonia under Chisel
. L C P Karonia under Chisel in Tell Kief
.
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C 7 Grains Specific Weight (kg/hectoliter)
As shown in Table (21) the best results of
this trait in factors and interactions are
summarized below ( P ) all planting
methods ( N . S .) . ( C ) Karonia
. ( L ) Tell Kief . L C
Karonia in Tell kief . L P Chisel in
Tell kief . C P Karonia under Z .T
. L C P Karonia under all planting methods
in Tell Kief .
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D - EFFECT OF PLANTG METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD
TRAITS OF BARLEY IN (MRA) LOCATION.
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D-1-Grains Yield Trait . D-1-1-grains yield
(gm/m2)trait . As shown in Table (22) the best
results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized bellows ( P
) Chisel ( C ) Rihan/ 3 ( L )
Tellkief L C Rihan in Tellkief
L P Chisel in Tellkief C P
Rihan under Z.T then Chisel planting methods . L
C P Rihan under Chisel then Z.T and Con.
In Tellkief.
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• D-1-2-grains Yield (Kg/hectar)Trait
• As shown in Fig. (4) the best results of Grains
  Yield is (1320 kg/hectar)in Rihan/3 under Z.T.
  (1260Kg/hectar) under Chisel planting method in
  Tellkief location .

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D-2-No. of Spikes/m2 As shown in Table (23) the
best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized bellows ( P )
Chisel. ( C ) Jazzera. ( L ) Tellkief. L
C Jazzera in Tellkief. L P Chisel in
Tellkief. C P Jazzera under chisel. L C
P Jazzera under Chisel in Tellkief.
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D-3-Weight of 1000 Grains (gm) As shown in
Table (24) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized
bellows ( P ) Chisel ( C )
Rihan ( L ) Tellkief L C
Rihan in Tellkief L P Chisel in
Tellkief C P Rihan under chisel. L
C P Rihan under chisel In Tellkief.
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D-4-No. of Grains/spike As shown in Table (25)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized bellows ( P
) all Planting methods (N.S.). ( C )
Rihan. ( L ) Tellkief. L C
Rihan in Tellkief and Bashyqa locations and
Jazzera in Tellkief. L P
Z.T. in Tellkief. C P Rihan under
Z.T. L C P Rihan under Z.T. In Tellkief
Location.
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D-5-Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in Table
(26) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized bellows (
P ) Chisel. ( C ) Rihan. ( L )
Tellkief. L C Rihan in Tellkief.
L P Chisel in Tellkief. C P
Rihan under chisel. L C P Rihan under
Chisel in Tellkief.
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D-6- Plant Height (cm) As shown in Table (27)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized bellows
( P ) Z.T. ( C ) Rihan.
( L ) Tellkief. L C Rihan in
Tellkief. L P Z.T. in Tellkief.
C P Rihan under Z.T. L C P
Rihan under Z.T. in Tellkief location.
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D-7- Grains Specific Weight (Kg/hectoliter) As
shown in Table (28) the best results of this
trait in factors and interactions are summarized
bellows ( P ) Z.T. ( C )
Jazzera ( L ) Tellkief L C
Jazzera in Tellkief L P all
planting methods in Telkief . C P
Jazzera under all planting methods. L C P
Jazzera under all planting methods in Tellkief.
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E - EFEECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND
YIELD TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT IN (HRA) LOCATIONS.
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E-1-Grains Yield trait E-1-1-grains yield
(gm/m2) trait As shown in table (29) the best
results of this trait in factors and interactions
are summarized below ( P )
Chisel ( C ) Abo Ghariab and Sham/6
(N.S.) ( L ) Alqush L X C
Sham / 6 in Alqush L X P Chisel in
Alqush C X P Sham / 6 under Chisel L
X C X P Sham / 6 under Chisel in Alqush .
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• E-1-2-grains yield (kg/hectar) trait
• As shown in Fig (5) the best results of grains
  yield is (2156 kg/hec.) in Sham/6 under Chisel in
  Alqush location then (2051 kg/hec.) in Abo
  Ghariab/3 under Z.T. in Al Shiykhan location

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E-2-No. of Spikes / m2 As shown in table
(30) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below (
P ) Chisel. ( C ) Sham/6. (
L ) Alqush. L X C Abo Ghariab then
Sham/6 in Alqush. L X P Chisel in
Alqush. C X P Sham/6 and Abo
Ghariab under Chisel. L X C X P Abo Ghariab
under Chisel in Alqush location.
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E-3-weight of 1000 grains (gm) As shown in
table (31) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Z.T. ( C ) Abo Ghariab. ( L )
Rabiaa. L X C Abo Ghariab in Rabiaa. L X P
Z.T. in Rabiaa. C X P Abo Ghariab and Sham/6
under Z.T. L X C X P Abo Ghariab under Z.T.
in Rabiaa.
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E-4-No. Grains / Spike As shown in table (32)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Z.T. and Chisel. ( C ) Abo Ghariab. ( L )
Alqush. L X C Abo Ghariab then Sham/6 in
Alqush. L X P All planting methods in
Alqush. C X P Abo Ghariab under Z.T. and
Chisel. L X C X P Abo Ghariab under Chisel
in Alqush location.
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E-5-Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in table
(33) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Chisel. ( C ) Sham/6.
( L ) Rabiaa. L X C Abo Ghariab
in Rabiaa. L X P Chisel in Rabiaa.
C X P Sham/6 under Chisel. L X C X P Abo
Ghariab under Chisel and Z.T. and Sham/6 under
Chisel in Rabiaa.
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E-6-Plant Height (cm) As shown in table (34)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P
) Chisel. ( C ) Abo Ghariab.
( L ) Rabiaa . L X C Abo Ghariab
in Rabiaa. L X P Chisel in Rabiaa.
C X P Abo Ghariab under all planting
methods. L X C X P Abo Ghariab under Chisel
in Rabiaa location.
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E-7-Grains Specific Weight (kg/hecoliter) As
shown in table (35) the best results of this
trait in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Chisel. ( C )
Abo Ghariab. ( L ) Shykhan.
L X C Abo Ghariab in Shykhan. L X P
Chisel in Shykhan. C X P Abo Ghariab
and Sham/6 under Chisel. L X C X P Abo
Ghariab and Sham/6 under Chisel and
Abo Ghariab under Z.T. (N.S.) in Shykhan.
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F - EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND
YIELD TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT IN (HRA) LOCATIONS.
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F-1-Grains Yield trait F-1-1 grains yield
(gm/m2) trait As shown in table (36) the best
results of grains yield (gm/m2) in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel. ( C ) Karonia. ( L ) Alqush. L X
C Karonia in Alqush. L X P Chisel in
Alqush. C X P Karonia under Chisel. L X C X P
Karonia under Chisel in Alqush.
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• F-1-2-Grains yield (kg/hectar) trait
• As shown in fig (6) the best results of grain
  yield is (2550 kg/hec.) in Karonia under Chisel
  planting method in Alqush location then (1928
  kg/hec.) in Sham / 3 under Z.T. in Al Shykhan
  location.

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F-2- No. of Spikes As shown in table (37) the
best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel. ( C ) Karonia. ( L ) Alqush. L X
C Karonia in Alqush. L X P Con. then Chisel
in Alqush. C X P Karonia under Con. planting
methods. L X C X P Karonia under Con. then
Chisel planting methods in
Alqush.
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122
F-3-Weight of 1000 Grains (gm) As shown in
table (38) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Chisel. ( C )
Karonia. ( L ) Sykhan. L X C
Karonia in Rabiaa and Shykhan. L X P
Chisel in Sykhan. C X P Karonia under
Chisel. L X C X P Karonia under Chisel in
Alqush and Shykhan.
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F-4-No. of Grains / Spike As shown in table
(39) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below (
P ) Chisel. ( C ) Sham / 3.
( L ) Alqush. L X C Sham / 3 in
Alqush. L X P Chisel in Alqush.
C X P Sham / 3 under Con. planting methods. L
X C X P Sham / 3 under Chisel and Con.
Planting methods in Alqush.
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126
F-5- Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in table
(40) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below (
P ) Chisel. ( C ) Karonia.
( L ) Alqush. L X C Karonia in
Alqush. L X P Chisel in Alqush.
C X P Karonia under Chisel. L X C X P
Karonia under Chisel in Alqush.
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128
F-6-Plant Height (cm) As shown in table (41)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel. ( C ) Karonia. ( L ) Alqush. L X
C Karonia in Alqush. L X P Chisel in
Alqush. C X P Karonia under Chisel. L X C X P
Karonia under Chisel in Alqush.
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130
F-7-Grains Specific Weight (kg/hectoliter) As
shown in table (42) the best results of this
trait in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Chisel. ( C )
Karonia. ( L ) Sykhan. L X
C Karonia in Sykhan and Rabiaa locations.
L X P Con. and Z.T. in Sykhan. C X
P Karonia under Chisel. L X C X P Karonia
under Chisel in Alqush.
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132
G - EFFECT OF PLANTING METHOD ON GROWTH AND YIELD
TRAITS OF BREAD WHEAT IN (SI) LOCATIONS.
133
G-1-Grains yield trait G-1-1-Grains yield
(gm/m2) trait As shown in Table (43) the
best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Z.T. ( C ) Tell Affer. ( L
) Rabiaa. L X C Adnania in Rabiaa
location. L X P Chisel in Rabiaa
location. C X P Tell Affer under
Z.T. L X C X P Adnania under Chisel in Rabiaa
location.
134
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135

• G-1-2- Grains yield (kg/hectar) trait
• As shown in Fig (7) the best results of grains
  yield is(1720kg/hec.) in Adnania under Chisel
  plating method in Rabiaa location , then (1298
  kg/hec.) and (1218 kg/ hec.) in Adnania and Tell
  Affer cultivars under Z.T. planting method in
  Hamidat location .

136
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137
G-2-N0. of Spikes/ m2 As shown in Table (44)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Z.T. ( C ) Tell Affer. (
L ) Rabiaa. L X C Tell Affer then
Adnania in Rabiaa location . L X P
Chisel in Rabiaa location. C X P Tell
Affer under Z.T. L X C X P Tell Affer under
Z.T and Chisel then Adnania in
Rabiaa location .
138
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139
G-3- Weight of 1000 Grains (gm) As shown in
Table (45) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) All planting method ( N.S)
( C ) Tell Affer and Adnania (N.S)
( L ) Rabiaa L X C Tell Affer and
Adnania in Rabiaa location . L X P
Chisel in Rabiaa location . C X P No
significant differences between all treatments
L X C X P Tell Affer and Adnania under Chisel
in Rabiaa location .
140
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141
G-4-No. of Grains / Spikes As shown in Table
(46) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel and Z.T. ( C ) Tell Affer . ( L )
Hamidat . L X C Adnania in Hamidat
location. L X P Z.T and chisel in Hamidat
location. C X P Tell Afer under Con. planting
method. L X C X P Adnania under Z.T. in
Hamidat location
142
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143
G-5- Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in Table
(47) the best results of this trait in factors
and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Z.T ( C ) Tell Affer
( L ) Rabiaa location . L X C
Tell Affer in Rabiaa location . L X P
Chisel then Z.T in Rabiaa location. C X
P Tell Affer under Z.T planting method L X C
X P Tell Affer and Adnania under Chisel in
Rabiaa location.
144
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145
G-6- Plant Height ( cm) As shown in Table (48)
the best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P ) Z.T
. ( C ) Tell Affer and Adnania (N.S). ( L )
Rabiaa. (L X C ) Adnania in Rabiaa location
. L X P Z.T in Rabiaa location . C X P
Adnania and Tell Affer under Z.T. L X C X P
Adnania under Z.T in Rabiaa location .
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147
G-7-Grains Specific Weight (kg/hectoliter) As
shown in Table (49) the best result of this trait
in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Z.T. ( C )
Tell Affer. ( L ) Hamidat. L
X C Adnania in Rabiaa location . L X P
Z.T in Hamidat location. C X P Tell
Affer under Z.T. L X C X P Adnania under Z.T
in Hamidat location.
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149
H-EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS ON GROWTH AND YIELD
TRAITS OF DURUM WHEAT IN (SI) LOCATIONS
150
H-1-Grains yield trait H-1-1-Grains
yield (gm/m2) trait As shown in table(50) the
best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Z.T. ( C ) Sham/3. ( L )
Rabiaa location L X C Om Rabiaa
cultivar in Rabiaa location. L X P
chisel in Rabiaa location. C X P Sham/3
and Om Rabiaa under Z.T. L X C X P Om Rabiaa
under Chisel and Z.T . in Rabiaa location , then
Sham/3 under Z.T . in Hamidat location.
151
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152

• H-1-2-Grains yield (kg/hectar ) trait
• As shown in Fig.(8) the best result of grains
  yield is(1760 kg/hec.) in Sham/3 under Z.T.
  planting method in Hamidat location , and(1720
  kg/hec.) in Om Rabiaa under both Z.T and Chisel
  planting method in Rabiaa location.

153
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154
H-2-No. of Spikes/ m2 As shown in table(51) the
best results of this trait in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P )
Chisel. ( C) Om Rabiaa.
( L ) Rabiaa location. L X C Om
Rabiaa in Rabiaa location. L X P Chisel
in Rabiaa location. C X P Om Rabiaa
under Z.T. L X C X P Sham/3 under Chisel in
Rabiaa location
155
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156
H-3- Weight of 1000 Grains (gm) As shown in
table (52) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Z.T. ( C ) Sham/3
and Om Rabiaa .(N.S) ( L ) Hamidat
and Rabiaa locations. L X C Om Rabiaa
in Hamidat and Rabiaa locations and
Sham/3 in Hamidat
location. L X P Z.T IN Hamidat.
C X P Om Rabiaa under Z.T. L X C X P Om
Rabiaa and Sham/3 under Z.T. in Hamidat location .
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158
H-4-N0. of Grains / Spikes As shown in
Table (53) the best results of this trait in
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Z.T. ( C )
Sham/3 . ( L ) Hamidat location
. L X C Sham/3 in Hamidat location.
L X P Z.T. and Chisel in Hamidat
location. C X P Sham/3 under Z.T and
Chisel. L X C X P Sham/3 under chisel and Z.T
and Om Rabiaa under Z.T in Hamidat location .

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160
H-5- Straw Biomass (gm/m2) As shown in
Table (54) the best results of this trait if
factors and interactions are summarized below
( P ) Chisel. ( C )
Sham/3. ( L ) Rabiaa location .
L X C Sham/3 in Rabiaa location . L
X P Chisel in Rabiaa location . C X P
Sham/3 under Chisel. L X C X P Sham/3 under
Chisel in Rabiaa location .
161
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162
H-6- Plant Height (cm) As shown in Table (55)
the best results of this traits in factors and
interactions are summarized below ( P
) Z.T. ( C ) Om Rabiaa .
( L ) Rabiaa location . L X C Om
Rabiaa then Sham/3 in Rabiaa location . L
X P Z.T. in Rabiaa location. C X P
Om Rabiaa under Z.T. L X C X P Om Rabiaa under
Z.T in Rabiaa location .
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164
H-7- Grains Specific weight (kg/ hectoliter) As
shown in Table (56) the best results of this
trait in factors and interactions are summarized
below ( P ) Control planting
method. ( C ) Sham/3 and Om Rabiaa (
N.S) ( L ) Hamidat . L X C
Om Rabiaa in Hamidat location . L X P
Con. in Hamidat location . C X P
Sham/3 under Con. Planting method . L X C X P
Om Rabiaa under Z.T. and Con. in Hamidat
location .
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166
Discussion

• The discussion try to determined the cause of
  superiority of grains yield in any location or
  any planting methods or any cultivar . the
  discussion depended on the means value in result
  table of the three factors

167
Discussion

• 1. LRA Locations
• 1- A- Locations factor
• We notice that Tell Abta location was superior in
  the amount of grains yield.
• AlHATRA location was exempt from study because of
  the dry for this season and not harvest.
• The rate of rainfall in ALMahatabia was (273m)
  and in Tell Abta was (187m) but Tell Abta
  location was Superior in grains yield because of
  the following causes

168
Discussion

• We notice form Fig(A) that a large amount of
  rains was fall in AL Mahalabia location and this
  happened in October , that is before the sowing
  date in one month , and this is lead to miss this
  quantity of rains.
• in spite of that the soil texture for Tell Abta
  location was (Clay Loam ) and its more able to
  save water than in AL Mahalabia location which
  its soil was (Sandy Loam).

169
Discussion

• -B- Planting methods factor
• The planting method (Z.T.) was recoded the best
  result in grains yield comparing with farmer
  method (Control) and (Chisel) in Tell Abta .
• It's notice in Tell Abta that when the number of
  ploughing was increased and Tillage go deeper
  this lead to lower in grains yield because the
  limiting factor in this location is rains,
  therefore we think that the better harvest for
  rains water was done in Z.T. treatment, then
  farmer method which is lower disturbance for
  soil form Chisel.

170
Discussion

• 1-C-Cultivars factors
• There is no significant differences in the grains
  yield between the two varieties (ZANBAKA and
  LOCAL BLACK ) Barley inspite of the superior of
  ZANBAKA variety in the trait of plant height and
  straw biomass.

171
Discussion

• 2- MAR locations
• 2-A- locations factor
• Telkief location was superior in grain yield of
  Durum wheat and Bread wheat , and Barley
  varieties. The cause may be due to the soil
  texture of Telkief location which was (Clay
  Loam), in comparing with Bashiqa and Al Hamdania
  ( Loam).

172
Discussion

• This is mean that Telkief soil keep rain water
  better than other locations , in the same time
  the amount of rains was suitable and balance in
  the growth season period and it's arrived to (337
  mm), in the other side Bashiqa was recorded about
  (193 mm).In relation to Hamdania location inspite
  of it's superior in the rate of rain fall which
  obtained about (386 mm), but it's suffered from
  two environment factors, firstly the height
  rainfall was dropped in Feb.(more than 140 mm)
  when the growth was stopped because of the
  extreme cold which effect Nineveh during this
  period.
• The second matter, exposed location to hot
  eastern wind during the spikes flowering which
  lead to less pollinations.

173
Discussion

• 2-B-Planing method factor
• Chisel was superior in this section following by
  Z.T. and control. It's seam that Chisel role in
  deep tillage make soft and good root region and
  this is lead to good roots growth especially with
  good rains amount which helps in the superior of
  this method planting.

174
Discussion

• 2-C-Cultivars factors
• As a general means for the three location, the
  cultivar of Bread Wheat (Sham/6) was better than
  Abu Ghraib, it's due to its number of spikes / m2
  and low of plants height for this cultivar which
  obtained a nutritional balance for grains yield.
• In Durum Wheat crop, there is no significant
  differences between the two variety of wheat
  (Karonia, Om Rabiaa).
• In Barley crop, the variety Rihan / 3 was better
  than the Jazzera variety.that is due to the
  superior of Rihan variety in the trait of weight
  of 1000 grain and No. grains / spike.

175
Discussion

• 3 - HRA Locations
• 3- A- Locations factor
• AL Qush location was superior in the grain yield
  for Durum and Bread Wheat crops.
• In spite of the superior of AL shykhan location
  in the rate of Rain fall drop (471 mm) while Al
  Qush is (369.5) , but the Rains of the two months
  April and March which is very necessary to grain
  growth was low in AL Shykhan in comparing with AL
  Qush .

176
Discussion

• 3-B- Planting methods factor
• The planting method (Chisel) was superior in both
  of the Bread and Durum Wheat crops comparing with
  Z.T. we suppose that the planting method Z.T. was
  more benefit in the locations which are suffered
  form rains shortage and because of it's
  efficiency to reduce the evaporation form the
  soil surface and increasa of rains water
  harvesting .there fore in the locations of good
  rains the farmers tend to Chisel because of it's
  depth in the soil and to allowed to formation of
  good plant roots.

177
Discussion

• 3-C- Cultivars factor
• In the Bread Wheat there is no significant in the
  grain yield between the two variety Abo Gharaib
  and Sham/ 6 . other wise in the Durum Wheat the
  variety Karonia was better then the variety
  Sham/ 3, it's seem that due to the ability of the
  variety Karonia on making of high number of
  spikes per plants and high weight of 1000 grains

178
Discussion

• 4- SI Locations
• 4-A-locations factor
• The superiority of Rabiaa location then , Hamidat
  and ALNomroud was due to the rains of the two
  months April and march in Rabiaa location was
  better than Al-Namroud and Hamidat locations. Its
  associate with hot eastern wind during the
  flowering period in Hamidat and Al-Namroud.

179
Discussion

• In spite of the low rains quantity in Rabiaa and
  un working of the irrigation project for this
  season in Rabiaa and Al-Namroud other wise the
  experiment was done in planted area in the last
  season with summer irrigated crop, and this lead
  to increase of water save in the soil of Rabiaa
  location .

180
Discussion

• 4-B-planting methods factor
• The planting method Z.T was better comparing with
  Chisel then Control .This is due to the role of
  Z.T in keeping soil moister with good rains water
  harvesting.

181
Discussion

• 4-C- Cultivars factor
• The variety Tell Affer was better than Adnanaia
  and its seem that the variety Adnanaia was less
  tolerant to drought and its obtained successful
  in the last year under irrigation conditions.
• The high grains yield of the variety Tell Affer/3
  may be due to its No. Spikes/m2 and No. grains /
  spike .
• In Durum Wheat Varieties , the variety Sham/ 3
  was better than the variety Om Rabiaa and this is
  my be due to the height of No. grains /spike and
  equals with Om Rabiaa in the trait of weight of
  1000 grains and specific weight of grains

182
General Notes

• 1- In this season there is a good quantity of
  rain fall during the months December , November
  and October ,this is help for early sowing
  process for most of the farmers in the end of
  December and the beginning of January. but after
  that an extreme cold arrived to Ninevah during
  Feb . in the same time of starting seed
  germination in the field and this lead to the
  damage of high ratio of seeds .

183
General Notes

• 2- An eastern and hot wind arrived in the season
  in the flowering stage in most of the locations
  which lead to reduce grains yield.
• 3- As a scientific evaluation for the two used
  planting methods ( Z.T Chisel) and in comparing
  with farmer method , we organized the following
  table (57 ) which explain the effect of the
  planting methods factor (mean) in which more
  significant studied traits.
• The number of traits which affected by the three
  planting methods in the crops of Barley, Bread
  Wheat and Durum Wheat , are calculated then get
  the most planting methods caused the highest
  value of the studied traits.

184
General Notes

• The Table (57)show the superiority of the
  planting method (Chisel) in a total of (36) then
  corresponds by ( Z.T ) in a total of (28) and
  lastly the farmer methods planting (Control) in a
  total of (8) , this results was very encouraged
  to continue the project with the farmers , with
  our believe that we need to take care of the
  planting method (Z.T) for the next season by
  training the working driver on the seeder
  machine before planting season and we expect
  that the benefit of this will rise the
  evaluation of the planting method (Z.T) between
  farmers especially for its lower economic cost
  and its faster speed in application.

185
Table (57)The highest significant value of crops
growth and yield traits under planting method
factors ,and its rep. in each planting method .
186
Performance of different Genotype of Barley and
Bread wheat (triticum aestivum) and Durum wheat
( Triticum durum) .

• All crops cultivars planted in the extension
  farm in Bartella location (2 km) from Hammdania
  in the same rainfall range , Temp. and soil
  texture. The sowing rate for all wheat and Barely
  cultivars is (1.2 kg/100m2) . The
  results presented in table ( 58) and (59 ).

187

• The table (58) show the highest value of growth
  and yield traits of Barley cultivars as fallow
• plant height (cm) zanbaka group.
• No.spikes /m2 zanbaka group.
• Straw biomass (gm/m2) zanbaka group.
• No. grains / spike zanbaka then zanbaka
• SLB74
  then Rihan/3.
• Weight of 1000 grains (gm) Alanda hamra then
• 
  zanbaka group.
• Grains yield (gm/m2) zanbaka then zanbaka
• 
  SLB74 then Rihan/3.
• Grains yield (kg/100m2) zanbaka then zanbaka
• 
  SLB74 then Rihan/3

188
Table (58) Performance Evaluations of Barley
cultivars under Bartella location environment
(MRA) .
189

• Table ( 59) show the highest value of growth and
  yield traits in Bread Wheat cultivars as fallow
• 1.Plant height (Cm) The highest value of this
  trait
• in Abouzic/9 then Anji/2
  and babaga/3.
• 2.No.spikes/m2 Abouzic /9 then Babaga/3 and
• Dajaj/5.
• 3.Straw biomass (gm/m2) Abouzic /9 then Anji/2
• and
  Babaga/3 .
• 4.No.grains / spike Abouzic/9 then Babaga/3 and
• Anji/2.
• 5.weight of 1000 grains (gm)N.S.
• 6.Grains yield (gm/m2)(Abouzic/9) then Babaga/3
• then
  Dajaj/5.
• 7.grains yield (kg/100 m2) Abouzic/9 then
• 
  Babaga/3 then Anji/2.

190

• The same table show the highest value of growth
  and yield traits in Durum wheat culture as
  fallow
• 1.plant height (cm) Bultagy /2 then sham/5
  then
• 
  Fadda/98.
• 2.No.spikes / m2 Bultagy /2 then Younes/1 then
• Ammar /1 .
• 3.Straw biomass (gm/m2) Bultagy /2 then Fadd/98
• 
  then Younes /1.
• 4.No.grains / spikes Ammar/3 then Bultagy /2
• then
  Azeghhar .
• 5.Weiht of 1000 grains (gm) Ammar /1 then
• 
  ICASIR/2.
• 6.Grains yield (gm/m2)Bultagy/2 then Younes /1
• then
  Ammar/3.
• 7.Grains yield (kg/100m2) Bultagy/2 then
• 
  Younes /1 then Ammar/3.

191
Table ( 59) Performance Evaluations of Wheat
cultivars under Bartella location environment
(MRA) .