Zigbee Nations

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Zigbee Nations

• Team IPA
• Kirill Belyayev
• Amjad Chaudhry
• Arush Dhawan
• Aditya Kaundinya
• Bilal Yousufi

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Amjad ChaudhryIntroduction/Zigbee Outline
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In-Car Automation and Monitoring System

• Sensors are placed throughout a car and
  wirelessly send data back to a central terminal
• Data displayed on LCD
• Zigbee is used to transmit and receive Data
• Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a
  sensor detects something has fallen below the
  threshold.

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What is Zigbee?

• Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity
  option ideal for low- power and low data rate
  applications based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard
• Zigbee devices may run for   several years with
  an original battery because of its low power
  consumption.
• It works well in noisy environments, mesh
  networking  
• Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz

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Implementation

• We will use Zigbee technology to measure
  different components of a car and display the
  data on a main LCD screen.
• Tire Pressure
• Temperature
• Battery Voltage
• Proximity Sensor
• Fluid Sensor
• If any of the sensors detect a critical level our
  system will be used to provide audio/visual
  warnings to the driver.

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Implementation

• The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal
  are to
• Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration.  We send
  one digital value from one chip to other chip.
• Send Multiples Values and store them in some
  database.
• A/D Converter Convert Some Analog Signal to
  Digital
• Display the data on an LCD screen
• Our primary goal would be to make this system
  modular.
• For example, we could add any type of sensor, and
  it would integrate into the system

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Goals

• Minimum
• Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that transmits
  data to a central terminal where it can be
  displayed on a LCD
• Optimal
• Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee
  Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data
  can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a
  LCD

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Motivation
Safety
Increase Reliability
Save Fuel. Increase Efficiency

• A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure will
  increase fuel consumption between 10 to 15
• Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by
  over 25
• Proper tire inflation will also increase the
  tires responsiveness, traction, and handling.
• Other sensors will monitor the different
  components of the car.

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System Architecture
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Bilal YousufiPower
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Physical Issues

• The Final Build will need to be hardened against
  the elements such as
• Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)
• Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature between
  -20 C to 50 C
• Sensors should have small temperature
  coefficients or will need compensated based on
  environmental factors
• Waterproofed

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Power System
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Power Architecture for Primary Terminal
LCD Screen
5V
Car Battery
Buck Converter
Main Terminal
3.3V
Voltage Sensor
Auto-Off
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Issues with using a Car Battery

• Battery Drain
• Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too low
• Mechanical Hard Switch when not in use
• Power Surges on Car Start-Up
• Possible Solutions
• Capacitors in parallel with Battery
• UPS Connected to Battery

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Development Phase Overview

• We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to power up our
  system

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Actual Build Overview

• The Car Battery will be the main source of power.
  
• A DC-DC Converter will be used to step-down to
  the appropriate voltages
• A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure the
  the microchips are safe from variations in the
  battery voltage, temperature, and other
  environmental factors

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Zigbee, Sensors, and Microcontrollers

• Burst Transmissions
• Development Phase
• Power Adapters
• Final Build
• Main Board will be Connected to Car Battery
• Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered by
  battery

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Zigbee, Sensors, and Microcontrollers

• Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues
• The Wireless Sensors that are placed throughout
  the car will need an independent power source
• Sensors Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA
• Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we
  will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V
• Solution Buck-Boost Converter

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Kirill BelyayevUser Interface/Software
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Main Terminal
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LCD

• OPTREX F-51851
• Graphic Monochrome LCD
• 240 x 64 dots
• 8 bit parallel

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Development Board 13192DSK-A0E

• Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the
  IEEE 802.15.4   standard         
• MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem           
• MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for
  baseband operations           
• Integrated sensors                 
• MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer MMA1260D
  1.5g Z-axis accelerometer          
•  Printed transmit-and-receive antennae          
•  Onboard expansion capabilities for external
  application- specific development activities
            
• Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and
  in- circuit hardware debugging           
• RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming
            
• LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring
  and control           
• Connections for nine-volt battery or external
  power supply     
• Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
  and example   SMAC software    
•   Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and
  additional   downloadable sample applications
      
• Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for
  HCS08 special   edition      Includes USB HCS08
  BDM Multilink Programmer (13192DSK-BDM only)
        NOTE Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink
  Programmer for debug and   program capability

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Development Board
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Software Overview

• We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale
  Semicondoctor) as our programming environment.
• The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media-Access-Con
  trol) functions to instruct the Zigbee
  transceiver.
• We will be writing our code in the C language
  with the use MAC functions.
• Code will be written for the data
  transmission/collection and the user interface.

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Aditya KaundinyaSensors
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Sensors
RF
Transmitter
Micro Controller
Built Into Sensor Chip
A/D
Sensor
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Tire Pressure Monitoring

• Used to warn driver of below-optimal tire
  pressure.
• GE NPX-1 sensor
• Battery Supply Voltage typically 3 V
• Digital output
• 450-1400 kPa pressure range

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Distance Sensor

• Used to warn driver of objects when backing out
  of driveway, etc.
• IR Proximity Sensor - Sharp GP2Y0A21YK
• 4.5 V to 5.5 V operating voltage
• 30 mA average current consumption
• 10 cm to 80 cm range (4" to 32")

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Temperature Sensor

• Can be used to automatically adjust temperature
  within the car.
• Sensirion - SHT10 sensor
• Temp. accuracy /- 0.5C _at_ 25 C
• Calibrated digital output (2-wire interface)
• Low power consumption (typ. 30 µW)

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Arush DhawanSensors/Logistics
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Voltage and Current Sensor for Battery

• A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage
  of a battery connected to a load.
• A current sensor for detecting a current flowing
  from the battery to the load.
• Means for collecting the voltage value detected
  by the voltage sensor and the current value
  detected by the current sensor every
  predetermined time.
• The voltage and current values are then
  transmitted to the main terminal which is then
  displayed on the LCD screen.
• Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage
  becomes low (falls below 12V)

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Schedule
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Division of Labor
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Budget
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Risks and Fallback Options

• Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar
  technology for us. We are lacking experience with
  Zigbee, and we might run out of time.
• It will take at least a month to familiarize
  ourselves with the technology. For this reason,
  our project is scalable, and we can add or
  subtract sensors depending on how much time we
  have.
• Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to
  Zigbee Communication) will take significant time
  to fully understand.

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Extensions

• Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) with Zigbee
• Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in
  OBD system that uses sensors all around the car,
  usually only available to mechanics.
• Not a Standardized System
• Proprietary Software used to download data from
  sensors.

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Questions?