UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS UNCHS (Habitat)

1
UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN
SETTLEMENTSUNCHS (Habitat)
http//www.fukuoka.unchs.org/
2
(No Transcript)
3
UNCHS (Habitat)
Agency of the United Nations System Responsible
for Coordinating Issues of Urbanization and
Shelter
1976 UN Conference on Human Settlements
(Vancouver) 1978 Establishment UNCHS
Headquarters 1987 International Year of Shelter
1989 Global Shelter Strategy for the Year 2000
(GSS) 1996 2nd UN Conference on Human
Settlements Habitat II (Istanbul, Turkey)
4
Security Council
UN FAMILY and Habitat
Trusteeship Council
General Assembly

• Belongs to UN ECOSOC
• Secretariat of UN HSC
• Headquarters in Nairobi
• Two Regional Offices (Rio, Fukuoka)

Court of Justice
Secretariat
UNDCP UNCTAD UNICEF UNCHR UNITAR UNDP UNFPA UNDRO
HABITAT INSTRAW UNEP UNU WFC IFAO
ILO FAO UNESCO IFC IDA IBRD WHO IMF ICAO UPU ITU
WMO IMO WIPO UNIDO IFAO
Economic and Social Council
5
Human Settlements What is it?
A complex and a comprehensive concept not just
housing
Housing Safe Water Waste Disposal Drainage Access
Roads
Employment Poverty Education Health Transportatio
n
Policies Strategies City Planning Governance Urb
an Finance Decentralization
6
Second United Nations Conference on Human
Settlements - Istanbul 1996 Habitat II

• Adequate Shelter for All
• Sustainable Development in an Urbanising
  World

7
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT
Implementation of Habitat Agenda
HOUSING
URBAN
Urban Management
Housing Policies
Urban Environment
Housing Finance
Urban Services
Land
Urban Poverty
Construction Industry
8
GLOBAL CAMPAIGNS

• Security of Tenure
• Urban Governance

9
How does Habitat work?
Promote and Consolidate Collaboration with all
Partners

• Governments
• Local Governments
• Private Sector
• NGOs CBOs
• Communities

10
Basic Principles
Habitat Operational Activities

• Complement National Effort
• Promote Sustainability
• Ensure Replicability
• Support Decentralization

• Seek Strategic Interventions
• Promote Participation
• Strengthen Partnerships
• Transfer Technology

11
(No Transcript)
12
Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects

• Afghanistan
• Rebuilding Communities in Urban Afghanistan
• Improving Access to Drinking Water in
  Mazar-I-Shariff
• Shelter Rehabilitation in Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• Local Partnerships for Urban Poverty Alleviation
• Bhutan
• National GIS Institution Building
• Cambodia
• Support to Phnom Penh Squatter Communities

13
Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects

• China
• Sustainable City Shenyang
• Sustainable City Wuhan
• East Timor
• Land and Property Administration
• India
• Sustainable Urban Development Madras
• City Development Strategy Hyderabad
• Indonesia
• Enabling Strategy for Shelter Development
• Partnerships for Urban-Rural Linkages

14
Major UNCHS(Habitat) Projects

• Myanmar
• Community Water Supply and Sanitation
• Nepal
• Rural-Urban Partnerships Programme
• Philippines
• Strengthening Local Environmental Planning
  Management
• Sri Lanka
• Sustainable Colombo Core Area Project
• Viet Nam
• Support for Local Planning of Provincial Cities

15
UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN
SETTLEMENTSUNCHS (Habitat)
For more information www.fukuoka.unchs.org/
16
Myth and Reality of the Poor

• Myth The poor are dangerous and bad people.
• Reality
• The poor dump garbage and discharge wastewater,
  as they often do not have access to basic
  services including collection services.
• Given opportunities and provisions, they are able
  to collect garbage within community and keep
  their settlements clean. (KIP).
• As the poor often do not have secure tenure, they
  dont feel ownership for their neighbourhood thus
  reducing incentives to keep their environment
  clean.
• With a little support and secure tenure, the poor
  are able
• to build their own lives and improve the living
  conditions
• The poor are not given fare opportunities to
• education and skills training.
• Given opportunities, they are able to run their
  own businesses

17
Myth and Reality of the Poor

• Myth The poor are not able to pay for anything
• Reality
• The poor often pay higher charges than better off
  for basic services such as water. As a result,
  they pay disproportionate fees to their income.
  The poor, as their choices are limited, they are
  often exploited by monopolised services.
• With a little support, the poor have demonstrated
  
• that they contribute labour and funds for their
• community based projects.

18
Myth and Reality of the Poor

• Myth The poor are the hindrance to urban
  development
• Reality
• Given enabling environment, they are able to
  contribute to the development of the city by
  being involved in planning, designing,
  implementing and managing community based
  small-scale infrastructure activities.
• By local governments creating an enabling
  environment where the poor can help themselves,
  cities can increase its resource pool.

19
(No Transcript)
20
Correlation Between Urban Environment And Poverty
Urban Poor Community
Unable to Access Basic Services

• Toilets over swamp
• Direct discharge of waste water to nearby ponds /
  rivers
• Illegal dumping of garbage

Degradation of urban environment at micro-
level due to dense population
Affecting poor the most
21
Daily Income Expenditure - Example -
Income Husband (43 yrs old) 3,000-4,000
Riel Construction Worker Wife (39 yrs
old) 2,000-3,000 Riel Produce/sell cucumber
pickles 6 Children Bamboo/Galvanized iron
shelter (12m2) Total Income 5,000 7,000 Riel
1.30 - 1.80
Expenditure Food 1,800 Riel 0.47 30
Rice (2kg) 2,000 Riel 0.52 34 Firewood
200 Riel 0.05 3 Cucumber 1,200 Riel
0.31 20 Medicine 800 Riel 0.21
13. Total Expenditure 6,000 Riel
1.56 US 1 about 3,830 Riel Problem No saving
to for emergency due to the irregular income
22
Barriersnot only income
Water, Sanitation
Lack of organisation
Job market
Health / Education
Illegal residence
Corruption
The Poor
Lack of negotiation skills
prejudice
Shelter
government
(Partnership)
No training
Training / Skills
23
On the Railroad...
On the Roof Top...
24
In the Garbage..
On the Drains..
25
On the Road side
A New life on the New Land...
26
Participatory Approach

• Income Generation
• Apprenticeship Programme
• Skills Development
• Training / Education

Economic Activities
COMMUNITY
Out of Vicious Cycle
No Indebtedness
SUPPORT

• Human Settlements Improvement by enhancing
  accessibility to basic services
• Water Sanitation/Health
• Secure Tenure
• Savings / Credits (Urban Poor Fund)
• Footbridge, etc.

Poverty
Loss of House
Disease/Disaster
High-Interest Loan
Interest 300
27
Partnership Development
CDMC
Communities
NGOs
MPP
Private Company
28
Sustainable Scenario - Phnom Penh
Policy

• Institutional Capacity (Organizational /
  Managerial)
• Financial Resources
• Human Resources
• Technical
• Regulatory Framework

Government
Municipality
Programme
Lessons Learned
District Office
Community Development Management Committees
(CDMC)
Communities
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Lessons Learnt - urban poor communities in the
city have enormous potential for individual and
community based self-improvement, IF

• support is provided in terms of education,
  training, credit, security of tenure and
  technical advice
• the government creates an environment within
  which the urban poor can realise this potential
• decisions on policies and programmes
• affecting the urban poor are made at the
• lowest possible level of government and
• in close consultation with those affected.

32
Lessons Learnt - urban poor communities in the
city have enormous potential for individual and
community based self-improvement, IF

• legal, procedural, financial and practical
  barriers to self-improvement by the urban poor
  are removed
• partnerships are developed between urban poor
  communities and
• other urban actors (government, NGOs, private
  sector) based on mutual respect

33
Habitat Projects Approach

• Self-reliance
• Empower Communities to help themselves
• Sustainability
• What can we leave in the country at the end of
  the Project?
• Replication
• Learn from Best Practices that have been
  successfully implemented in other countries and
  build on it
• Participation/Partnership
• Participatory Approach is essential to achieve
• Self-reliance Sustainability. Partnership
  Building
• is time consuming but proved to be the best way
• Learning-by-doing
• Solutions should be found internally not
  externally
• based on based on trials errors

34
Barriersnot only income
Water, Sanitation
Lack of organisation
Job market
Health / Education
Illegal residence
Corruption
The Poor
Lack of negotiation skills
prejudice
Shelter
government
(Partnership)
No training
Training / Skills
35
REMOVINGBarriers..
Lack of organisation
Water, Sanitation
Corruption
Illegal residence
Job market
Health / Education
The Poor
government
Shelter
(Partnership)
Skills
Lack of negotiation skills
prejudice
No training
36
Access to
Water, Sanitation
Job market
Health / Education
The Poor
government
Shelter
(Partnership)
Training / Skills
37

How can YOU contribute?
Globalise, decentralised, IT nised world
Policy influenced by global policy - Promote
link between communities and communities beyond
national boundaries for better world -
Environment and Poverty as business -
Transferring bad experiences and provide best
practices but do not impose. - Removing barriers
38
Vielen Danke!!
For more information www.fukuoka.unchs.org/