NEPTUNE Overview

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NEPTUNE Overview Briefing for JAMSTEC

• Bruce M. Howe
• Applied Physics Laboratory, University of
  Washington
• 21 February 2003

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Outline

• NEPTUNE
• VENUS
• MARS
• Power Specification
• Power Description
• Power Operations and Management
• Science Instrument Interface

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Science Topics

• Ridge crest processes - volcanism, microbiology
• Seafloor hydrogeology and biogeochemistry
• Long-term ecological studies
• Water column physics / chemistry / biology
• Fisheries
• Seismology and geodynamics
• Subduction zone gas releases methane
  clathrates
• Sediment flux from the continents to the deep
  sea

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Key Characteristics of NEPTUNE
Tectonic plate scale Lots of power (100 kW)
Bandwidth (Gbits/sec) Real-time data return
control Robust design high reliability
Available for 20 - 30 years
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Crustal Age (my)
0
1
2
3
4
5
150
100
Basement TC
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0
2
ENDEAVOR AXIS
SEDIMENT
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Depth (km)
IGNEOUS CRUST
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0
30
60
90
120
150
Distance from Ridge Axis (km)
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Three Domains of Life
and viruses
UC Museum of Paleontology
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From Erwin Suess and Laurenz Thomsen
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NEPTUNE Benefits to Research

• New approaches lead to new discoveries
• Limits to life / Origin of life
• Ocean productivity in an area of strong
  gradients
• Ecology and population dynamics of marine
• mammals and fish stocks
• Dynamics of an entire lithospheric plate
• Oceanic behavior of greenhouse gases
• Integrated physics/chemistry/biology and models
• Enhanced education and public awareness
• of research

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Power Users

• Electronics transducers, computers,
  communications
• Motion tethered, swimming, and bottom roving
  vehicles, active acoustics, pumping of fluids,
  battery charging
• Heat transfer freeze specimens, cool
  electronics, heaters for chemistry
• Lights Video 500 W to 5 kW (IMAX 70 m),
  lasers
• System ? losses

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Power Requirements

• Primary design objective Reliable delivery of
  stable power.
• Vague
• up to 10 kW at each node
• About 100 kW total average
• Availability? Outage?
• How to plan for future do best job
• Main constraint COTS telecom cable
• 0.7 1.0 ?/km
• Voltage drop constraint, not current

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LEO-15
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Sea surface
-----------------------------------------
-------
Instrumented float
Physical Oceanography Mooring for Cabled Ocean
Observatories Concept Distribute
Observatory capability in the water
column Point Integral sensors here for H2O
ADCP
winch
200 m
Subsurface Float J-box
Acoustic transceiver J-box
800 m
Mooring E/O/M cable
crawler
To Hawaii
J-box
anchor
Cable 1-2 km
H2O J-Box
5000 m
Nav transponders
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Mooring with Fixed and Profiling Instrumentation
ALOHA Observatory, HOT Site (north of
Oahu) Using retired ANZCAN or HAW-4 telecom
cables cut, attach J-Box Distribute
observatory capability in the water column Key
Adaptive sampling zero in on stirring and
mixing at very short vertical scales
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ABE flying over the Endeavor Vent Field
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60
TSUNAMI
PAPA
NEPTUNE
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UNCLE
MOMMA
MBARI
H2O
ALOHA
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120W
140
160
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Long-term Issues

• SENSORS and NEW APPROACHES
• Sensor network infrastructure
• moorings/boreholes/distance/observatories
• small diameter cables
• underwater ROV-mateable connectors
• AUVs and Rovers - docks/tethers/navigation/comms
• Research ship and ROV capabilities

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NEPTUNE - past

• Similar ideas for decades
• Scientific Uses of Undersea cables 1990, 1997
  use retired cables e.g., H2O
• NOPP proposal 1998 feasibility study for
  NEPTUNE, HK power, WHOI comms, report 6/00
• UW 2M
• Emerald Lake Meeting organize 9/00
• NSF Comms - 2M WHOI, 10/00
• Keck proto-NEPTUNE 5M UW et al., 7/01
• NSF Power - 2M UW and JPL, 10/01
• NOPP proposal 5/01 SE, Sci, ProjOff, 1.7M
  4/02

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NEPTUNE Phase 2 Partners

• University of Washington
• Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
• Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• Canada IPOST and UVic

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NEPTUNE MANANAGEMENT OVERVIEW
Goal To manage the overall NEPTUNE program and
ensure participation of all interested
scientists, educators, and members of the general
public.
BOARD OF GOVERNORS Member Institutions
PROGRAM DIRECTOR CHAIR, EXECUTIVE TEAM JOHN R.
DELANEY
ADVISORY BOARD
Vice Chair - John Madden
PROGRAM OFFICE (COORDINATION, FUNDING, ADMIN,
LEGAL, FINANCIAL, PUBLICITY)
OUTREACH TEAM CHAIR To be selected
MEMBERSHIP LEADERS OF INDIVIDUAL OUTREACH GROUPS
ENGINEERING TEAM PROJECT MANAGER PATRICIA
BEAUCHAMP MEMBERSHIP MANAGERS OF INDIVIDUAL
IMPLEMENTATION GROUPS
Note NEPTUNE will involve SPONSORS, BUILDERS,
AND USERS. This chart reflects the
organization of the builders only.
MOU just completed
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NEPTUNE - present

• VENUS Canada, Strait of Georgia, 3-6M CAN,
  funded 2/02
• CFI NEPTUNE North, 30M CAN, hear 6/03 if ,
  get match
• MARS Monterey testbed, NSF 7M 3M match or
  existing, funded 10/03
• Mooring for Ocean Observatories NSF 2.5M in
  progress

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VENUSTestbed for NEPTUNE
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VENUS Testbed - Saanich Inlet
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VENUS Testbed - Strait of Georgia
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MARS Monterey Assessable Research
System NEPTUNE Test Bed
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Proto-NEPTUNE Experiments Keck2001-2006
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NEPTUNE - future

• NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI)
  Research
• 130M, MRE, hope FY2005 or FY2006
• Global buoys, regional, coastal components
• Workshops autumn 2003?
• NEPTUNE anticipates being regional component
• Coordinated with Integrated Ocean Observing
  System (IOOS) Ocean.US operational
  components, mainly coastal?

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NEPTUNE Schedule

• Phase 1 - Feasibility Study 1998 - 2000 ?
• Phase 2 - Development 2000 - 2006
• Design/Prototypes
• Sci Working Groups Testbeds
  2004 - 2005
• Phase 3 - Deployment
• Procurement 2005 - 2006
• Installation 2006 - 2007
• Phase 4 - Operations 2006 - 2030

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NEPTUNE Schedule 1/6/03
Task
CY02
CY03
CY04
CY05
CY06
CY07

Communications Dry Prototype
FOC Funds on contract CoDr Concept Design Rev.
1
Alternate Study
CoDR
CoDR
2
PowerDry prototype
Other sub-systemsDry prototype
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Design/Build/Test Prototype Node Housing
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MARS
FOC
PDR
Node IT
Final Node Fab Test
Install
Comm Test
FOC
Awards
Install
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CFI - VENUS
Install
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Install
- NEPTUNE
Award
FOC
- Data Management Archiving
Concept Definition
System Definition
Design
Develop
Re-Design/Contract/IT
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NEPTUNE
Install
CoDR
MRE Call
MRE FOC
PDR
CDR
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NEPTUNE Timeline

• Phase 1 - Feasibility Study 1998 - 2000 ?
• Phase 2 - Development 2000 - 2006
• Design/Prototypes
• Sci Working Groups Testbeds
  2004 - 2005
• Phase 3 - Deployment
• Procurement 2005 - 2006
• Installation 2006 - 2007
• Phase 4 - Operations 2006 - 2030

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Project Organization
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NEPTUNEs Technology
Communications (WHOI)
Science Objectives
Time Distribution (WHOI)
Architecture Requirements
Constraints
Data (HIA)
Power (JPL UW)
Project Management (JPL)
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NEPTUNEs Requirements
Using a standard sub-sea conductor

• Deliver as much power as possible
• to around 30 nodes
• in an area the size of New Jersey
• reliably
• for 30 years

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Requirement changes
Top-level requirements were not written down, and
some are subject to drift

• 30 nodes, or 40, or 45?
• Cable resistance?
• Maximum cable voltage
• Slow protection allowed?

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Power Group Policies
Our policies toward the NEPTUNE collaboration and
the science user

• distribute power fairly
• design flexibly
• assume a phased deployment
• MARS
• NEPTUNE initial deployment
• NEPTUNE final deployment
• prioritize loads (dynamically)
• essential
• high
• general
• deferrable

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Power Project Review Context
The overall process

• There will be a sequence of Reviews
• Concept Design Review (ConDR)
• Preliminary Design Review (PDR)
• Critical Design Review (CDR)
• Reliability Design Review (RDR)
• Safety Review?

WE ARE HERE
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NEPTUNE compared to subsea telecommunications

• NEPTUNE
• branched, networked
• large loads under water
• variable load
• external loads that may get faults

• Telecoms
• point-to-point
• only repeaters under water
• constant load
• internal load only

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NEPTUNE compared to SPACECRAFT

• Deep Space
• Long life
• Environment
• EMC
• new and inherited
• robustness/cost/ science/operations trade-offs
• Failures costly and/or impossible to fix

• Deep Sea
• Long life
• Environment
• EMC
• new and inherited
• robustness/cost/ science/operations trade-offs
• Failures costly to fix often with significant
  delay

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Node layout
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Node power input configuration
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DC CIRCUIT BREAKER
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DC CIRCUIT BREAKERStage 1- Normal closure
S2
S3
C
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2.0 Converter block diagram and design
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PMACS Overview
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New ideas high reliability backbone and lower
reliability nodes
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New ideas high reliability backbone and lower
reliability nodes
Version 2
Version 1
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The startup question

• How to turn on the delivery system with no
  communications?
• each node must operate autonomously
• some aspects of protection not available
• Solution
• proceed a section at a time
• get the essential loads running
• use a safe mode

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Safe mode

• power is applied, startup supply turns itself on
• dc/dc converter is turned on
• startup supply disconnected
• all software table entries go to default
• outage list
• protection settings
• essential loads turned on
• protection
• comm system
• timer starts
• wait for instructions from shore
• if no instructions received, close A breaker

Safe mode starts here
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Concerns

• loads are negative resistances
• 50 converters in series
• voltage collapse
• black start
• speed of fault isolation

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Concerns

• Need better science scenarios, with growth
• Provide what level of service at any x,y,z
• Think more of end-to-end system user to sensor
• More unified engineering approach
• Schedule and Cost
• Testing

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Science Instrument Interface

• Present based on Feasibility Report
• Multi-pin OD connector or equivalent
• 400 V and 48 V (pins for each)
• Ethernet 10/100baseT
• Precision timing 1 microsecond
• Many details TBD

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