Essay on community based natural resources management, CBNRM

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Essay on community based natural resources
management, CBNRM

• Group assignment
• Final product essay of 10-15 pages
• 44 hours in total, 36 hours net writing time
• Evaluation criteria see reader
• Choice of the subject is free to a large extent
• Presentation of the essays 26 September

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Community based natural resources management,
CBNRM

• Community institutions determine and administer
  access to and use of natural resources
• Common pool resources or protected areas
• Communities have de jure or de facto
  ownership rights

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CBNRM (or CBRM)

• Land, soils, rangelands
• Water
• Wildlife, domesticated animals
• Forests
• Marine resources, fisheries
• Watersheds, wetlands, coastal areas
• Protected areas

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Rationale for CBNRM

• Rural people are strategic, rational actors who
  are
• closer to the resource,
• have traditional knowledge about the resource
• have values that would tend to preserve it
• greater incentive to manage it properly because
  their livelihoods depend on it
• Better managers than the state or distant
  corporations

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CBNRM

• Example Community Forestry
• Basic issues
• Failure of market driven mechanisms to promote
  sustainable and equitable natural resource
  management in the developing world
• Search for alternatives
• Deals with BOTH deforestation and poverty/social
  justice

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Final note on forests

• Over 90 of the 1.2 billion people living in
  extreme poverty depend on forests for some part
  of their livelihoods.

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Sustainable Community Model

Interconnected and integrated
Economy
Environment
Economy
Society
Environment
Society
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Critique of CBNRM in the Philippines/Indonesia

• Community, participation, empowerment and
  sustainability widely used discourses
• Reality Applications of these terms vary widely
  and with wide degrees of success
• Furthermore, internal inequalities in benefits
  still remain
• Class
• Gender

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Philippines/Indonesia

• CBNRM externally defines options
• while some people would benefit from CBNRM
  provisions, others would find themselves
  re-assigned to a marginal economic niche that
  corresponds poorly to the futures they imagine
  for themselves

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Philippines/Indonesia

• Need to explore the role of the state and power
  structures in using CBNRM for greater control.
• Contrary to the goal of its proponents, there is
  increasing evidence that CBNRM has the effect of
  intensifying state control over upland resources,
  lives and livelihoods. For this reason, some
  upland citizens may resist programs promoted in
  the name of CBNRM. For others, better integration
  into the legal and administrative systems of the
  state is a desirable outcome.

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Policy framework related to Community Based
Natural Resources Management (Coastal Zones)-
Local communities should be able to organise
themselves vis-à-vis natural resources
management, thus becoming legal entities in such
matters. - Government institutions should
coordinate their efforts in supporting local
communities in natural resources management. -
Well-defined rights and obligations should be
established for members of local communities to
sustainably use natural resources.
Ministry of Environment Cambodia
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NCSCNational Coastal Steering Committee
CCU in MoECoastal Coordination Unit
FCFocal Points
Phase 3 OfficeSihanoukville
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Zambia
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Lectures on 12 September, 9.30 (!) 13.00 h

• Guest lecturer Dr. Els Bognetteau, consultant of
  TreesPeople, Wageningen and chair person of the
  Dutch Association on Tropical Forests
• Experiences with CBNRM in different parts of the
  world
• The conservation of huemul populations in Chile
  (student research by Daan Wensing and Jasper van
  Winden)
• Yunga mountain forests and Kolla indigenous
  communities in Argentina (student research by
  Javiera Rulli)