THERMAL PHYSICS

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• Beginning Definition
• Thermal Physics is the study of large numbers of
  particles (1023)
• using laws and models that are formulated using
  measurable physical variables such as energy,
  velocity, temperature, volume, pressure,
  momentum, heat capacity,

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• efficiency, probability of occurrence,
• distribution of velocities, vapor pressure,
  voltage difference, power, etc..
• One can use these variables to describe the
  properties of solids, and fluids and other
  entities such as a white dwarf star in terms of a
  degenerate gas, paramagnetism in terms of an

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• Einstein Gas, ferromagnetism in terms of the
  Ising Model. One can explain how to create
  efficient engines, refrigeration, and explain
  hurricanes in terms of an ideal Carnot Engine,
  fuel cells in terms of its energy production as
  well as the very cold solid, the Bose-Einstein
  Condensation. There are applications in every
  natural science and engineering.

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• How is thermodynamics connected to the other
  areas of Physics and what are the areas in
  thermodynamics?
• http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.
  html
• As you can see there are four laws in
  thermodynamics 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 0th laws

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• How are other areas of physics connected to
  Thermal Physics?
• Classical Mechanics ? Kinetic Theory of
  Gases Conservation of Energy and Momentum
  m, v, mv, I?, KE ? T, PE ? PV Quantum
  Mechanics ? Fermi and Bose- Einstein gases and
  solids.

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• Acoustics ? Thermoacoustics
• Energy, Heat
• Electromagnetism ? Radiation,
  Thermoelectricity,
• Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism
• (Phase Changes)

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• States and Phases of Matter
• Fluids (liquids, gases and plasmas) ?
  Convection and diffusion
• Plasmas ? Radiation
• Solids ? Conduction
• HyperEnergy (Big Bang) ? Radiation and
  Thermal Eras
• Phases of Matter ? solid, liquid, gas,
  vapor, plasma, and mixtures

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• CONTROLING FACTORS ?Energy
• KE ? T, PE ? Latent Heat, Chemical E
• Non- Equilibrium ? Equilibrium T
• Temperature Changes ? Phase Chemical Changes
• Energy Movement ? Heating
• Conduction and Radiation
• Particle Movement ? Convection
  Diffusion

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THERMAL PHYSICS

• Mathematical Formulation
• When working with large number of particles one
  may use
• Large Number Mathematics (approximations, ln,
  factorals, G fctn)
• Statistics (Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein, and
  Fermi-Dirac Distributions)
• Partial differentials, and integral calculus