Maps and Mapping

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Maps and Mapping
How High or How LowCan you go?
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Maps

• There are many different kinds of maps that are
  used for many different purposes.

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Think about it

• What are some of the different kinds of maps that
  you have seen or used?
• Talk with your partner and come up with 5
  different types of maps or 5 different things we
  could map

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Different types of maps

• Examples of maps
• Road or street
• Weather
• Topographic
• Shaded relief

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How do you make an accurate map?

• Start with a point of reference
• Longitude
• Imaginary lines
• Run north and south but measure EAST AND WEST
• Prime Meridian
• Latitude
• Imaginary lines
• Run east and west but measure NORTH AND SOUTH
• Equator

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Why make accurate maps?

• Location
• Reference for everyone in world

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What must be on ALL maps

• Scale
• Legend
• Location/title
• Key
• Longitude/latitude
• Magnetic declination

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Types of maps a geologist would use

• Shaded Relief
• Topographic or Contour

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Shaded Relief Map

• A shaded relief map is designed to highlight the
  physical features of an area of land.
• It shows relative elevations.
• This kind of map shows height through shading and
  coloring variations.

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Shaded Relief Map
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Contour Maps

• A contour or topographic map shows the elevation
  of the land at all points.
• It can be used to calculate the absolute
  elevation of any given place.
• This kind of map shows height variations through
  the use of contour lines.

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Contour Map
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Contour Lines

• Contour lines are imaginary lines that connect
  points of equal elevation.
• The contour interval or change in elevation from
  one contour line to the next is always consistent.

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Contour Lines

• Hills are indicated by closed contours.
• Depressions or large dips are indicated by closed
  contours with hachure lines that point downhill.

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Contour Lines

• The spacing between contour lines shows the
  gradient.
• Closely spaced lines indicate a steep slope.
  Contours spaced far apart represent gentle slopes.

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Check Point

• Which is higher, hill A or hill B?
• Which hill is steeper?
• How high is the area between the hills?

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• Here is the same contour map along with a cross
  section diagram of the area...

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Check Point
Match the cross-sections on the left with a
contour map on the right...
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Answers...
1 - B 2 - E 3 - D 4 - C 5 - A
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Think About It

• How might a contour (topographic) map be of
  assistance if you were
• planning a housing development...
• building a road...
• choosing which hiking trail to take...
• selecting where to put a new airport...