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David BrangAnna Krasno

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Grapheme Color. Inducer and concurrent. Developmental synesthetes ... Can be thought of as an altered state ... The majority of synesthetes report the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: David BrangAnna Krasno


1
  • David Brang Anna Krasno
  • Lee Edwards Amanda Gorlick
  • Cogs 175
  • 6/2/06

2
Outline
  • 1. Lee - Synesthesia Primer
  • What it is, relation to consciousness
  • 2. David
  • Video, demographics, evidence, theories
  • 3. Anna
  • Acquired synesthesia, developmental vs. acquired
  • 4. Amanda
  • Conscious understanding - closing remarks

3
What is Synesthesia?
  • Perceptual phenomenon
  • Grapheme Color
  • Inducer and concurrent
  • Developmental synesthetes
  • No Comorbidity with mental illness

4
Correlates to Consciousness
  • Can be thought of as an altered state
  • The world is perceived differently, relative to
    non-synesthetes
  • Cross modal integration
  • Relevance

5
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6
Demographics
  • The majority of synesthetes report the experience
    since childhood
  • Occurs in at least 1/2000 individuals
  • More common in children than adults
  • More common in women
  • Has a genetic basis to it
  • Theorized 50 separate forms of synesthesia

7
Evidence as a Phenomenon
  • Test/retest reliability
  • Similar reports across cultures and time
  • PET studies
  • fMRI studies
  • Synesthetic Stroop Test

8
Theories
  • Learned association
  • Awareness
  • Neural Connectivity
  • Neonatal
  • Cross-wiring
  • Disinhibited feedback
  • Gamma-Binding

9
Acquired
  • Brain damage
  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Sensory deafferentation
  • Drugs
  • Meditation

10
Developmental vs. Acquired
11
Pop-out Effects
12
Towards a Conscious Understanding
  • Booba and kiki
  • Conceptual rightness
  • Synesthesia is present and suppressed in normal
    individuals, but has the potential to rise to
    consciousness
  • Only consistently part of consciousness in
    developmental synesthetes

13
Conclusion
  • Altered state is unique to the baseline state of
    each individual
  • Umbrella including autism and other developmental
    disorders
  • Personal reality

14
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15
References
  • Baron-Cohen, Simon. (1996) Is there a normal
    phase of synesthesia in development? Psyche,
    2(27)
  • Calkins, M.W. (1893). A statistical study of
    pseudo-chromesthesia and of mental-forms.
    American Journal of Psychology, 5, 439-66.
  • Cytowic, R.E. (1989). Synesthesia A Union of
    the Senses. Springer Verlag.
  • Galton, F. (1880). Visualized numerals. Nature,
    21 252-256.
  • Grossenbacher, P.G. Lovelace, C.T. (2001).
    Mechanisms of synesthesia cognitive and
    physiological constraints. TRENDS in Cognitive
    Sciences, 5 36-41.
  • Hubbard, Edward M. and V.S. Ramachandran. (2005)
    Neurocognitive Mechanisms of
  • Synesthesia. Neuron, 48509-520.
  • Lynn C. Robertson Noam Sagiv (Eds).
    Synesthesia Perspectives from Cognitive
    Neuroscience. New York Oxford University Press,
    2005.
  • Maurer, D. et al., (1999). Cross-modal transfer
    of shape is difficult to demonstrate in
    one-month-olds. Child Development, 70 (5),
    1047-57.

16
References
  • Nunn, J.A. et al., (2002). Functional magnetic
    resonance imaging of synesthesia activation of
    V4/V8 by spoken words. Nature Neuroscience, 5
    371-375.
  • Paulesu, E. et al. (1995). The Physiology of
    Coloured Hearing A PET activation study of
    colour-word synaesthesia. Brain, 118, 661-676.
  • Ramachandran, V.S. and Hubbard, E.M. (2003).
    Hearing colors, tasting shapes. Scientific
    American. May 2003, 53-59.
  • Ramachandran, V.S. Hubbard, E.M. (2000).
    Psychophysical investigations into the neural
    basis of synaesthesis. The Royal Society, 268
    979-983.
  • Rich, A.N, Bradshaw, J.L., J.B. Mattingley.
    (2004). A Systematic, largescale study of
    synesthesia Implications for the role of early
    experience in lexical-colour associations.
    Cognition. 20(11) 1-32.
  • Snyder, S.H. (1986). Drugs and the Brain. New
    York Scientific American Library.
  • Van Leeuwen, T. (2004) The neural basis of
    synesthesia. lthttp//bar.psych.ubc.ca/PDF/VanLeeu
    wen04_synpaper.pdfgt May 28, 2006.
  • Walsh, R. (2005). Can synesthesia be
    cultivated? Indications from surveys of
    meditators. Journal of Consciousness Studies,
    12, 5-17.
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