The institutionalized gender inequality: the sexgender system:

1

Gender Stratification

• The institutionalized gender inequality the
  sex-gender system
• 1. Society prescribes behavior based on sex
  Gender cultural and social expectation such as
  feminine and masculine
• 2. Division of labor based on sex patriarchy
  (male domination)
• 3. Society regulate/control sexual behavior
  hetereosexism (preference and priviledge for
  hetereosexual group) .
• Sexuality is socially constructed.
• Sexism
• Sex roles typing socially prescribed behaviors
  and roles based on sex

Gender Stratification
2
Why Gender Why Explain Explain Gender
stratification?

• Feminist View on gender stratification
• 1. Gendered behavior and society has little to
  do with biology.
• 2. Socialization (learning)
• 3. Multiple genders ( gender constructed by
  society)
• 4. Definition of gender change.
• 5. Gender definition varies across cultures
• Sociobiology genetics responsible

3
Gender Stratification In U.S. (Subtle
differences between two male and female.)

• sex occupational segregation
• industry sex segregation
• establishment sex stratification
• Glass ceiling vs glass escalator
• split labor market peripherization of women and
  minority in the dual economy
• Human capital theory Women tend to be more
  committed to family and children.
• True/False? No, criticism against the theory 1.
  Society-imposed factor inhibit women. 2. Number
  of children no impact on career.3. Positive
  relationship exist between children and womens
  achievement.
• Political power women are underrepresented in
  political power more in America.

4
Age stratification

• Age social product
• Social gerontology study of how social factors
  affect aging process.

5
Problems Related to aging

• Ageism the prejudice, discrimination, and
  hostility that are directed against people
  because of their age.
• Stereotypes of Aging and the Aged
• e.g. senility? (decline in ability,
  intelligence, memory and creativity)
• sexless?
• conservative?
• decline in life quality?
• Gerontophobia vs gerontophilia societies

6
Aging and Age Stratification

• Gerontology
• Social gerontology
• Life course different stages (age related)
  people goes through in their lifetime.
• Life course studies show age is a social product.
  
• The social construction of aging

7
Explain Age Inequality

• Activity theory the view that satisfaction
  during old age is related to a persons level and
  quality of life.
• Criticism older people are not necessarily less
  active than younger ones.
• Disengagement theory the view that society
  prevents disruption by having the elderly vacant
  their positions of responsibility so they younger
  generation can step into their shoes.
• Criticism 1. no correlation found between job
  opening left by retirement and employment of the
  younger one.
• 2. Old people are disengaged because employers
  want cheap labor and keep a reserve labor force.
• 3. Older people are not disengaged, but change
  roles.

8
Modernization theory

• An explanation of ageism that maintains that as a
  society industrializes, the status of the elderly
  will progressively decline.
• Why Elderly lose control
• younger people more independent
• Older peoples experience has no use
• Criticism 1. Devaluation of the elderly existed
  prior to industrialization.
• 2. Not all industrial societies devaluate their
  elderly.
• 3. Variation exists across cultures, social
  economic status.
• 4. Socialization makes difference in attitude
  towards elderly.

9

• Graying of Americaaging population higher
  proportion of the elderly elderly population
  increases faster than the general population
  median age higher.
• Reason for aging population
• 1. Low birth rate
• 2. Baby boomers getting into old age
• 3, higher life expectancy more people move into
  old age.

10
The effects of aging population

• Higher Dependency Ratio the number of workers
  required to support one person on social
  security.
• Age structure change distribution of people in
  different age group.

11
Political and economic implications of the aging
population

• The soaring cost of medicare and social security.
• The baby boomers children (tax payers) may rebel
  against the heavy tax to support the elderly.
• Who is going to suffer? Decline social health of
  children.