Ocular Complications in Diabetes

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Ocular Complications in Diabetes
XYZ Hospital Diabetes Education Centre Presented
by Dr. John or Jane Doe
YOUR VISION gt What could be more important?
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A Healthy Retina
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Diabetic Retinopathy

• Over time, blood vessels lose the ability to
  
• deliver blood and oxygen to the retinal
  tissues.
• New, abnormal, weak blood vessels start to
• grow.
• The new or existing blood vessels become
  leaky.
• Blood and fluids seep out of the weakened
  blood
• vessels.
• The retina swells and bleeds.

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Diabetic Retinopathy

• 1/3 of diabetics have diabetic retinopathy.
• It is the most common cause of blindness
• under age 65.
• It is the most common cause of new blindness in
  North America.

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Diabetic Retinopathy

• There are often no symptoms in the early stages
  of diabetic retinopathy.
• Ultimately, diabetes will cause changes in
• the eyes for 78 of Type 2 diabetics.
• Routine eye examinations are the best method of
  detecting and preventing damage to the eyes.

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Moderate Diabetic Retinopathy

• Scarring is due to leakage of blood and
• blood fluids.
• Laser treatments are most effective when
• applied early.
  

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Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy

• Bleeding into the central gel of the eye occurs,
  which clouds vision.
• Scar formation causes extensive damage to the
  retina.
  

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Reducing the Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy

• All recently diagnosed Type 2 patients
• should visit an eye doctor (optometrist or
  
• ophthalmologist) for an eye exam.
• You should have an eye exam at least once a
• year.
• Routine eye examinations are the best way of
  
• detecting the development of severe damage
  in
• the eyes.
• Eye drops are used to dilate the pupils to
  allow
• for a thorough examination of the eyes.

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Risk Factors

• Duration of Diabetes
• The longer the duration, the greater the
  likelihood of damage to
• the retina.
• High Blood Pressure
• High blood pressure accelerates the development
  of retinopathy.
• Blood Glucose Control
• Monitor blood glucose carefully. Adhere to a
  diet that helps
• maintain stable blood sugars.
• Diet
• Whole and minimally processed foods such as
  fruits and vegetables
• are good. Reduce fats, oils, salt and highly
  processed foods.
• Physical Health
• Monitor your weight and exercise moderately four
  to five times a week.

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Amsler Grid for early Detection

• Hold grid at arms length.
• Cover one eye. Use your reading glasses.
• Look directly at the centre black dot.
• Look for any areas of distortion or blur.
• Repeat with the other eye.
• Repeat on a weekly basis

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Cataract

• A cataract is a clouding
• of the eyes lens, caused
• by unstable sugar levels.
• Cataracts are corrected
• by surgery. The lens is
• removed and a plastic
• lens is implanted in its
• place.
• Cataract surgery is safe and
• has excellent outcomes.

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Unstable Vision

• Diabetes can cause
• Substantial changes in
• vision when blood sugar
• levels are not in good
• control.
• Be sure to have your
• eyes assessed to
• determine the cause of
• unstable vision.

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Blurred Vision in Diabetes

• Fluctuating Blur
• Blur that changes from day to day is caused by
  swelling of the
• lens of the eye from unstable blood sugar. Sugar
  control needs to
• be more stable to avoid this.
• Central Vision Blur
• Blur in central vision is caused by fluid buildup
  in the central
• retina. This can be detected as distortion on
  the Amsler grid.
• Improved sugar control can help to prevent or
  reduce this fluid
• buildup.
• Generalized Blur
• Blur that is constant and hazy is commonly the
  result of cataracts,
• Which develop because of repeated swelling of the
  lens.

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Glaucoma

• Diabetes causes a greater risk for developing
  glaucoma.
• Glaucoma is a condition where elevated pressure
  in the eye, and reduced blood vessel circulation
  causes damage to the optic nerves.
• The first symptom of glaucoma is often the
  development of tunnel vision.
• It is important that the eye pressures and the
  health of the optic nerves be inspected regularly
  to detect glaucoma early.

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Field Loss from Glaucoma
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Optic nerve Damage in Glaucoma
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Recommendations

• Your eye health should be examined at least once
  a year
• through dilated pupils.

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Things To Watch For

• Blurred or distorted vision
• Use the Amsler grid on a weekly basis.
• Watch for any blur or distortion that is new.
• Spots or floaters
• If you see new spots or floaters, it is important
  to obtain a
• dilated fundus exam.

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Preserve Your Vision and Eyes

• Early detection of eye problems allows for more
  effective treatment and can better stop damage to
  your vision.You should have your eye health
  checked at least once a year.

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A Final Notice of Advice

• Keep up your vigilance on diet control,
• medication, and exercise.
• Eye examinations at least once a year
• Diabetic retinopathy often presents with no
• visual warning signs!
• Its worth it..Keep up the good work!!!

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Your GoalTo Maintain Your Vision and Your Eye
Health
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