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São Paulo Air pollution Modeling
Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas
Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of
Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric
Sciences Universidade de São Paulo
sourceCETESB
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Evolution of the light fleet in MASP, number of
cars x 1000
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Evolution of CO emission factors for Gasoline
and ethanol based cars
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Evolution of HC and NOx emission factors for
Gasoline C and alcohol based cars
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Light Duty average emission factor
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Sources of air pollution in MASP
Source CETESB
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Emission inventory mobile sources
I Official data from CETESB
Mobile source inventory in the Metropolitan Area
of São Paulo in 2002
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Ratio of NOx to CO in different air quality
stations in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo.
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Steps followed to prepare the emission profile
to CIT model A Hydrocarbons speciation in the
liquid fuel ( Carter and Evaporative) I
Evaporative emission Analysis of fuel from
different gas-station (Petrobrás, Shell,
Ipiranga and Esso) Analysis performed at
Riverside - CA II Study of the most important
compounds in the formation of photochemical
oxidants. III Grouping of compounds in CIT
class
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B Hydrocarbons speciation emitted by exhaust
I- Gasoline based on literature data (Robert
Harley) II Diesel and ethanol literature data
(Murgel (1990) and Chui et al (1975))
C Hidrocarbons speciation emited by the
refueling I- Based on Harley, 2000.
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Fleet Distribution - Heterogeneous Distribution
based on the number of vehicles in each 39 cities
in the MASP - Mobile sources for São José dos
Campos and Sorocada
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Distribution of vehicular emission in the study
area. The colors are related to the intensity of
emission (red the higher, and blue no emission
considered).
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II - Source emission by route Methodology

• Traffic simulator EMME/2
• Matrix origin-destiny to light vehicles
• Car volume in each street portion.
• Vehicular emission according to average velocity
  of traffic.

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• CO (g/km) -4,5 727/V 1,4 E-3 V2
• HC (g/km) -2,28 62,48V
• Nox (g/km) 1,03 7,477 E-3 V2
• source ipea and antp

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Distribution of sources by route
CO
Distribution of sources by number of vehicles in
each city
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Distribution of sources by route
O3
Distribution of sources by number of vehicles in
each city
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Distribution of sources by route
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Distribution of sources by number of vehicles in
each city
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Distribution of sources by route
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Distribution of sources by number of vehicles in
each city
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III - Veicular Emissions Improvement of emission
factor tunnel measurements Túnel Jânio
Quadros Túnel Maria Maluf
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CO2 measurements inside and outside tunnel
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Measurements inside tunnel Janio Quadros
Measurements outside tunnel Jânio Quadros
   
 
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Measurements inside tunnel Maria Maluf
Measurements outside tunnel Maria Maluf
 
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Emission profiles obtained in tunnel
experiments 1- Two different tunnels light and
heavy duty cars 2- Measurements of carboxylic
acids and carbonyl compounds
Aldehyde gtC2
Formic ac
Acetic ac
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
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VOC measured in tunnels
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acids
aldehydes
Aromatics
Alkanes
Classes of VOCs sampled in tunnels
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Mass Distribution Sampled with MOUDI impactor
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Fuel-based particulate emission factors were
computed by relating total carbon emissions in
the tunnel to the carbon content of fuel using
the equation based in the work of Kirchstetter et
al., 1999. where Ep is the emission factor (g
emitted per kg of fuel burned) for pollutant P,
?P is the increase in the concentration of
pollutant P (µg/m3) above background levels,
?CO2 and ?CO are the increases in the
concentrations of CO2 and CO (µg of carbon m-3)
above background levels, and ?c is the weight
fraction of carbon in fuel
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Trace-Elements Emission Factor light duty
vehicles (?g/kg)
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Emission Factor (g/kg)
Measurements inside and outside Jânio Quadros
tunnel